The largest orchard in the world. The most beautiful gardens in the world. Shalimar Gardens, Pakistan
On January 21, 1945, the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences was founded in Moscow. Today we will talk about it and about 5 other best domestic botanical gardens.
On January 21, 1945, a decision was made to create a new botanical garden in Moscow. The main Russian museum of wildlife, designed to preserve unique green areas - Erdenevskaya Grove and Leonovsky Forest, occupied an area of 331.49 hectares. The largest of the old lady's botanical gardens in Europe acquired its modern appearance thanks to the efforts of landscape architects Petrov and Rosenberg, who emphasized the greatest compliance with natural conditions. The Moscow plant kingdom has gathered within its borders representatives of flora from all climatic zones and continents of our planet. Its collections contain more than 16 thousand plants, including 1,900 species of tree species and shrubs, over 5,000 various representatives of the flora of the tropics and subtropics, an extensive rose garden and a beautiful garden of continuous flowering. Tours of the arboretum introduce interesting and useful facts about indoor floriculture, the diversity, harm and benefits of tropical organisms, and interior landscaping.
The picturesque garden and park ensemble, created at the end of the 19th century by the publisher of the Petersburg Newspaper Sergei Khudekov, is an excellent place for relaxation and walks, as well as a popular attraction for guests of Sochi. Each part of the Sochi Arboretum, cut in half by Kurortny Prospekt, is decorated in its own style. The central one, recreating the green areas of sunny Italy, is full of exquisite decorative elements, carved gazebos and sculptures describing scenes from myths. The main part of the botanical garden is a real English park, emphasizing the natural beauty of wildlife. Summer always reigns on the territory of the arboretum: many of the more than two thousand species of rare and exotic plants from all over the planet are evergreen. Peacocks stroll leisurely here, ducks, swans and even pelicans swim along picturesquely overgrown lakes, and ostriches live in the northwest. Every 15 minutes, cable car cars run between the Upper and Lower Parks, making it easier to move around the magnificent realm of peace and quiet in the heart of bustling Sochi.
The green corner of St. Petersburg, which was born in 1714, has come a long way from a small apothecary garden that provided the armed forces of the Russian Empire with medicinal herbs, to a vast complex of 26 greenhouses measuring 22.9 hectares. In the first Soviet years, tropical and subtropical plants from the collections of royal palaces and mansions of the aristocracy moved into the already rich Botanical Garden of Peter the Great, but during the siege of Leningrad, the arboretum naturally fell into decay. Only in the post-war period, thanks to help from Sukhumi and the supply of greenhouse plants from the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, it was again revived in its former beauty and grandeur. Today's Peter the Great Botanical Garden is famous for the most luxurious collection of greenhouse plants in Russia, annually receives more than 150 thousand guests and conducts numerous excursions. Since November, the arboretum has been hosting the “Rainbow Shards” exhibition, presenting a variety of blooming orchids and bromeliads, as well as educational master classes on caring for whimsical green beauties.
The northernmost botanical garden in the Russian Federation, located beyond the Arctic Circle, was opened on August 26, 1931. His work is one big experiment designed to study the possibility of the existence of plants from different climatic zones in the harsh conditions of the Far North. During the existence of the arboretum, more than 30 thousand various representatives of the flora visited here, approximately 3,500 of which managed to take root in the soil of the Kola Peninsula. The Polar Alpine Botanical Garden does not disdain scientific research: for example, during the Great Patriotic War, a method was invented for extracting glucose molasses from lichens. Among the green exhibits of the institute are over 650 species of moss, more than four hundred different plants inhabiting the Murmansk region, as well as about a thousand species of “migrants” from the tropics and subtropics. Over the course of a year, the botanical garden in the Khibiny Mountains receives over 2.5 thousand visitors and exchanges seeds and sprouts with botanical gardens in more than 30 countries. Among the unique collections of the arboretum are a snowdrop garden, a rock garden and a living herbarium.
The Rostov Arboretum, created in April 1927, initially occupied only about 74 hectares, but over time grew to more than 160 hectares. The garden almost immediately became part of the North Caucasus State University, now known as the Southern Federal University, and worked primarily as a research and teaching unit. In 1927, an ornamental tree nursery appeared in the garden, a little later separate collections of fruit and berry plants, nuts, a rose garden and a syringarium were formed, and then a fund of coniferous crops arose. In 1992, the SFU Botanical Garden became a natural monument of regional importance. In addition to a large collection of plants from all over the world, numbering 5 thousand shrubs and trees and 1,500 greenhouse specimens, there is a unique area of natural steppe and the Seraphim of Sarov mineral spring, revered by Orthodox Christians. The arboretum offers a good excursion program, landscaping and landscaping services, and sells fruit trees and rare flowers.
A beautiful green corner of the Novosibirsk region, existing for the 68th year, spreads over a whole thousand hectares. The Central Siberian Botanical Garden has a dozen scientific laboratories and three branches: in Altai, Chita and Kemerovo. The emerald tracts of coniferous and birch forests are cut through by the picturesque Zyryanka River, giving the garden a certain natural charm. The garden collection includes more than 7 thousand different plants, which are combined into colorful zones: Bonsai Park, rocky garden, Waltz of Flowers, Garden of Continuous Flowering. TsSBS is rightfully proud of the best herbarium in Russia, covering half a million leaves and more than 1,200 all kinds of seeds. In the near future, it is planned to open a new unusual exhibition here - the kingdoms of the famous inhabitants of the subtropics, cacti, about each of which its keeper is ready to tell a separate story with pleasure. The Siberian Botanical Garden conducts excursions for children and adults, sells seedlings for local areas, and also serves as a wonderful place for family recreation.
Of the seven wonders of the ancient world, only the pyramids have reached us alive and unharmed. We need to fill this gap and choose new miracles to replace the old ones, what do you think? We chose last time, let's switch to gardens. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, created by the despot Nebuchadnezzar, were located in Babylon, and they were dedicated to the Assyrian queen. The gardens presented in the review were not created in the name of love, but they may well compete for the title of a wonder of the world.
1. The Abraham Lincoln Memorial Garden (Springfield, Illinois, USA)
Surely Bart Simpson skipped classes more than once in the garden memorial to the sixteenth president of the United States. The garden was opened in 1936 thanks to Mrs. Harriet Knudson. All the plants you find in this garden can be found in the three states where Lincoln lived: Kentucky, Illinois and Indiana. And the garden designer was Jens Jensen, the best landscape designer in America. The area for the garden was purchased on the shores of Lake Springfield and amounted to about 63 acres.
Today the garden covers an area of more than a hundred acres. Thanks to cooperation with the Springfield government and the Department of Illinois, the garden now has parking, restrooms and various amenities for the disabled.
The Boboli Gardens in Florence are the most beautiful gardens in all of Italy, full of statues, fountains and amphitheatres, and located at the top of a hill with a picturesque view of the whole of Florence. The Boboli Gardens were created after the Medici family moved to the Pitty Palace in 1550.
They start with the Amphitheater and the ancient obelisk behind the palace, and to the left of the palace is La Grotta Grande (Great Cave) with the “Four Prisoners”, which Michelangelo created right within the walls of this cave.
The gardens slope down the hill to a small artificial lake with an island in the middle. There are many statues and flower beds around it. And benches if you get tired from a long walk through the garden. And it will be very long if you decide to inspect everything.
The main botanical garden in Bucharest now bears the name of its creator, Dimitrie Brandza. The area of the gardens is 17.5 hectares, including 4 thousand square meters allocated for green houses. Interestingly, the first botanical garden of Bucharest was founded in 1860, but in a completely different place - next to the Faculty of Medicine by Carol Davila, but later, in 1884, these gardens were moved to their current location by the Belgian landscape designer Dimitri Barandza, and their opening took place already in 1891.
During the First and Second World Wars, the gardens were bombed, both by German and American-British troops. But every time Romanian gardeners recreated them again.
Now there is a botanical museum on the territory, where there are more than a thousand rare plants.
Yuyuan Gardens were opened in 1577 by a Ming Dynasty civil servant named Pan Yunduan. "Yu" in Chinese means relaxation and contentment, and the gardens were built for Peng's parents to enjoy time together in their old age.
More than four hundred years later, the gardens have changed a lot. During the Ming Dynasty it was just a kindergarten for parents, but in 1760 it was bought by wealthy patrons of the arts who spent 20 years restoring the buildings. The gardens were destroyed during the Opium War in the 19th century, and only in 1956 they decided to restore them. The new Yu Gardens were opened in September 1961 and occupy 20 thousand square meters. Although this figure does not convey the abundance of pavilions, rock gardens, ponds and monasteries that are in this park.
The garden itself is divided into six parts - Sansui Hall, Wanhua Chamber, Dianchun Hall, Huijing Hall, Yuhua Hall and Inner Garden, and each hall displays a different completed scene.
The story about the park can be very long - its history has many interesting moments, and the contents will make you spend several days exploring.
The decision to create Exbury Gardens was made by the well-known Lionel Nathan Rothschild. His influence and funds were enough to begin the construction of one of the most wonderful gardens not only in England, but throughout the world.
He bought the village of Exbury Estate in 1919, which, according to the description of the former owner of the village, was a real paradise on earth. In fact, the favorable warm climate and acidic soil were ideal for growing the rhododendrons that Rothschild loved so much.
Today the gardens cover an area of 200 acres (80 hectares), which is home to the world-famous Rothschild collection of rhododendrons, azaleas, camellias and rare trees and plants. The garden is beautiful at all times of the year, but the season for visitors opens only on March 8th. This is when the gates open to all guests, who can wander along the many paths or take a 20-minute sightseeing tour on the local railway. And those who are especially curious will climb into the very thicket, regardless of the bugs, and it is they who will discover all the beauty of these wonderful gardens.
The gardens of Claude Monet, a famous French artist, are divided into two parts: the flower garden, which is located in front of the house, and the Japanese water garden, which is located on the other side of the road. These parts contrast and complement each other perfectly.
When Claude Monet moved with his family to Giverny in 1883, the piece of land between the road and the house was planted with orchids that lined the high stone walls. Soon, on this site (about one hectare in area), Monet created a wonderful park, full of colors, symmetry and perspective.
Of course, the park had its tough times when Monet died in 1926; the house was abandoned, and only in 1977 Herald Van den Kemp decided to restore the park to its former splendor. It took him and his colleagues ten years for the garden to shine with its colors again. Unfortunately, the Japanese bridge, built by one of the local craftsmen, was so destroyed that it had to be rebuilt. But most of what Monet did was left in its original form.
The park now attracts more than half a million visitors annually during the seven months that the garden is open to the public. But only for walking - picnics and dog walking are prohibited. The restoration of this magnificent place was too expensive.
The Kirstenbosch National Botanic Garden is world famous for the beauty and diversity of South African flora. It is located on the eastern slope of Mount Table. In this garden you will find only South African flora and nothing else. The garden is located on 528 hectares, most of which are occupied by natural forests and fields. Only a small part (36 hectares) is occupied by a cultivated area, which contains all other South African plants, mainly from the northern part of the country.
The park was opened in 1913, and since then no wars or disasters have interrupted its work. 365 days a year, from eight in the morning until seven in the evening (or until six in the evening from April to August) it is open to visitors.
An ideal place for lovers of exotic plants - after all, you simply will not find another such collection of African plants collected in one place.
Where the park is located today, there were hunting areas in the fifteenth century. Spicy herbs for the kitchen of Jacob Van Beyeren's castle were also collected here. This is where the name Keukenhof came from (Keuken from Dutch - kitchen).
After the death of Baron Jacob van Beieren, Keukenhof was given over to wealthy merchant families. Baron and Baroness Van Palandt invited famous landscape designers J.D. and L.F. Zocher, who designed Amsterdam's Vondelpark to create gardens around the castle. The English style design created by these architects became the basis for the future Keukenhof park.
Now the park is owned by a large corporation. On the initiative of the mayor of Lisse, the first flower exhibition was held in the Keukenhof garden in 1949, which brought together leading florists, experts and gardeners from all over Holland. Since then, the exhibition has been held annually and attracts visitors from all continents.
Unlike the previous park, this one is open only from March 20th to May 18th. Therefore, your visit should be planned in advance.
The world famous Mirabell Gardens stretch from north to south, next to the Hohensalzburg Fortress and the Salzburger Dom Cathedral. The original gardens on this site were remodeled according to the plans of Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach under the direction of Archbishop Johan Ernst Thun in 1689. And a few decades later, in 1730, they again underwent reconstruction and became, as many believe, one of the most bizarre and beautiful gardens in Europe. In the 19th century, the last changes in the appearance of the gardens took place - some parts of them, such as the dwarf garden "Zwergerlgarten", several galleries in front of Mirabell Square and the so-called "Sala terena", were destroyed.
The oldest part of the park is called the "Grand Parterre", if you enter it from Markartplatz (the place where Mozart lived and Doppler was born), you will see an internal and external balustrade depicting two swordsmen from the late 17th century. In addition, on the balustrade you will see statues of Roman gods made in 1689: Diana, Flora, Minerva, Pomona, Venus, Juno, Chronos, Mars, Hercules, Hermes and others - made by the sculptor V. van Opstal.
Versailles is one of the main attractions in Paris, along with the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre. Louis the Fourteenth, wanting to take a break from city life, ordered a palace to be built for himself, where he could settle down and house the government. Construction began in 1664 and continued until Louis's death. But we are more interested not in the palace itself, but in the gardens that were planted around it.
The park around Versailles is one of the largest examples of English gardens in Europe, designed by Andre Le Notre. Le Notre modified the original gardens, expanding them and giving them openness and scale, building them around the central axis of the Grand Canal. The many fountains located in the gardens depict different stories. The Latona Fountain symbolizes Ovid's Metamorphoses, and the Apollo Fountain speaks of the regime of Louis XIV, the Sun King.
The gardens back up into dense forests that were the King's hunting grounds.
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Bucharest Botanical Garden, Romania
If you want to see one of the largest botanical collections in the world, come to Bucharest Botanical Garden. About 10 thousand species of plants grow here on 17.5 hectares. For special connoisseurs of nature, there is a museum that contains 5 thousand of the rarest plants, including 1 thousand exotic ones. The garden has existed since 1891; Romanian botanist Dimitrie Brandza and Belgian architect-designer Fouch worked on its project.
Besides: Not far from the garden is the Cotroceni Palace, the residence of the President of Romania.
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Exbury Gardens, UK
Exbury Gardens, created by the famous Baron Rothschild in the English county of Hampshire, are considered one of the most beautiful in Europe. The gardener baron, who, among other things, was a talented financier, brought rare specimens for his gardens from all his trips abroad. Here, on 81 hectares, azaleas, rhododendrons, camellias, irises and many other plants from different countries grow. 100 gardeners worked to create the gardens. To irrigate plants, the world's first unique irrigation system was laid underground - 35 km of pipes.
Besides: The pride of the collection is blue alpine roses.
Flickr.com
Gardens of Claude Monet, France
The famous impressionist Claude Monet in 1883 bought a plot of land 80 km from Paris, in Giverny. Here Monet created a garden with flower beds, alleys and flower thickets, mixing plants like oil paints. In his garden you can listen to the silence in small corners among roses and daisies, nasturtiums and poppies, wisteria and tree-like Japanese peonies.
Besides: Near the Ru stream, the artist created a pond with water lilies, bridges and streams, where he drew inspiration for many of his paintings.
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Rekyugen Gardens, Japan
Name oldest gardens Recugen in Tokyo it is translated as "garden of six poems". It has existed since the 17th century and is considered the most beautiful Japanese garden. There is everything for leisurely contemplation, reflection and a sense of peace: lagoons, islands, forest areas, artificial hills, tea houses, bridges. The park has more than 6 thousand trees, including crooked pines and the famous weeping cherry trees.
Besides: At night the park is illuminated and becomes very mysterious.
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Garden of Happiness, China
If you didn't go to Japan in search of harmony, go to China. There is also a corner of relaxation and tranquility here - Yu Yuan Garden. The garden is 400 years old, it hides pavilions and ponds, stores stones and opens the gates of monasteries. The garden is located in the center of the old oldest gardens Recugen in Shanghai, its other name is the Garden of Happiness.
Besides: One of the main attractions of the garden (and there are many of them here) is an ancient five-ton jade rock of a bizarre shape.
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Garden of Cosmic Thoughts, Scotland
You can reflect on the frailty of the world and its structure in Scotland, where the famous architect, architectural critic and postmodernist theorist Charles Jencks created his unique universe in miniature - Garden of cosmic reflections. Jenks's garden is built on metaphors. There are spirals, pyramids, snakes, equations, atoms, black holes and much more that allows you to look at the beauty of the universe from a special perspective.
Besides: You can even find dragons in the Garden of Cosmic Reflections.
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Butchart Gardens, Canada
Owners these gardens- Butchart family. The ponds, fountains, waterfalls, streams and pavilions were created in 1904 by Robert Butchart and his wife Jennie, who were mining limestone deposits at a local quarry. When the limestone reserves dried up, the couple decided to create a Sunken Garden in the former quarry. Today, 1 million plants grow here. The collection is famous for its rose garden, where more than 100 types of hybrid tea roses, 64 types of floribandas, 400 grandifloras and climbing roses grow.
Besides: these are the most famous gardens on the West Coast of North America.
Flickr.com
Boboli Gardens, Italy
Boboli Gardens- one of the most famous monuments of landscape gardening art of the Renaissance in Florence. The park is located on the slopes of Boboli Hill, near the main residence of the Grand Dukes of Tuscany - the Medici, where the largest collection of works by Raphael is kept. The gardens have many paths, ancient statues, grottoes, terraces and fountains. The gardens were founded in the 16th century on the initiative of the wife of Duke Cosimo I de' Medici; their current area is 4.5 hectares. The northern part of the gardens is famous for its panoramic views of the surrounding area, while in the southern part you can find greenhouses and an artificial island. Flickr.com
Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, South Africa
Kirstenbosch Garden one of the seven best botanical gardens in the world. Here, on the eastern slope of Table Mountain, not far from Cape Town, plants are collected that are not found anywhere else: rare varieties of Protea, Erica, ancient cicadas, pelargoniums and ferns, camphor trees, “yellow” and “iron” trees, unique cacti. In addition to local plants, the familiar oaks, willows, elms, apple trees, pears, plums, peaches, apricots, pomegranates, quinces, olives and grapes have also taken root well in South Africa.
Besides: The garden is more than 100 years old, it is the most beautiful on the continent and one of the largest on the planet.
Gardens and parks are an excellent example of a harmonious creative process in which man and nature participate almost equally. Below are 10 of the most amazing parks and gardens that are definitely worth visiting at least once, from the rich Versailles to the humble Japanese rock garden.
Space Theory Garden, Scotland
This unique garden is open to visitors only one day a year; in 2016, this day will be May 1. Landscape designs and installations draw inspiration from science: astronomy, cosmology, mathematics and even genetics. In simple words, there is no more unique garden in the world. The design of the Garden of Cosmic Theories is based on ideas that are embodied in landscape design.
Royal Garden Keukenhof, Netherlands
The Royal Flower Park is one of the most visited places in Holland and amazes with both its colorful flower plantings and its architectural and landscape designs. About seven million different tulips bloom in Keukenhof, of which the whole country is proud. The most precious pearl of the garden is a black Russian tulip named Baba Yaga.
Nong Nooch Tropical Garden, Thailand
This park is reminiscent of historical royal palaces. It is located near the large resort center of Pattaya and receives about two thousand visitors a day. In the Nong Nooch garden, everything looks like a fairy tale - plants, landscapes and oriental houses scattered across an area covering almost 250 hectares.
Versailles, France
One of the most famous gardens in the world, Versailles was commissioned by the “Sun King” Louis XIV. The creation of the Versailles Gardens was one of the largest construction projects of the era. What is now familiar to many as beautiful flower beds, the Greenhouse, a canal and fountains used to be forests, swamps and meadows. Fertile land was brought here in carts, and trees were brought from all over France, as well as from neighboring states.
Botanical Garden of Curitiba, Brazil
The botanical garden of this southern Brazilian city is one of its main attractions. A branch of the University of Paraná is located on its territory. The gates of the botanical garden opened to visitors in 1991; since then, the French style and huge greenhouse have attracted many people who want to relax and admire the magnificent landscapes and exotic plants.
Butchart Gardens, Canada
A park of world significance and one of the most beautiful large-scale flower garden projects. The park attracts crowds of tourists at any time of the year. Year-round plant and landscape compositions are precisely the hallmark of the Butchart gardens - they never go out of “season.”
Yu Yuan Garden, China
The name of this piece of paradise is translated from Chinese as “garden of joy,” and this is not surprising. The park is more than four hundred years old and is designed in typical Chinese landscape and architectural style. Despite its amazing beauty, Yu Yuan Park has a rich and turbulent history. It fell into disrepair several times and was almost completely destroyed during the civil wars. In 1961, the garden was restored and in some places rebuilt.
Shalimar Gardens, Pakistan
These luxurious Persian gardens were commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in the mid-17th century. Construction was completed in just a year. Shalimar Gardens amazes with its simple elegance and beauty. They are designed in the form of a fort, surrounded on all sides by a brick wall. Since 1981, Shalimar has been recognized as a UNESCO world heritage site.
Minneapolis Sculpture Garden, Minnesota, USA
One of the most iconic sights of Minneapolis has become a relatively young, but very beautiful park, in the center of which, above a pond, rises an unusual bridge. This is a sculpture, the role of a bridge is played by a spoon with a lone cherry.
Ryoan-ji Temple with rock garden, Japan
The temple, which, unfortunately, has not been completely preserved, is surrounded by low walls and a unique landscape and architectural structure, characteristic only of Japan - a rock garden.
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It seems like winter has been going on for a very long time, but it’s only February on the calendar. For those who can't wait to see green grass and flowers, website made a selection of luxurious gardens and parks that are definitely worth seeing at least in photographs.
Butchart Gardens, Canada
The Butchart Gardens are a group of gardens located in the heart of Canada. At the beginning of the 20th century, representatives of the Butchart family of industrialists laid out a “Sunken” garden on the site of a mined-out quarry. The Japanese master of landscape art, Isaburo Kishido, was invited to arrange it. The garden turned out to be so exquisite and magnificent that people from all over the country came to admire its beauty.
In mid-2009, on its centennial, Butchart Gardens was officially designated a National Historic Landmark.
Royal Tulip Park Keukenhof, Holland
Keukenhof, or “Garden of Europe,” is a fabulous park and flower kingdom, spread over an area of 32 hectares in the vicinity of the town of Lisse, between Amsterdam and The Hague. Although Keukenhof is open to the public for only two months a year, from approximately March 20 to May 20, more than a million people visit each year.
Every year, Keukenhof gardeners plant more than 7 million bulbs of freesias, hyacinths, lilies, orchids, daffodils and, of course, a whole sea of tulips!
Nong Nooch Tropical Garden, Thailand
Nong Nooch is 240 hectares of botanical gardens and local attractions located on the 163rd kilometer of Sukhumvit Road in Chonburi Province. The park has its own Stonehenge and gardens of orchids, bonsai trees and ferns.
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London
Kew Gardens originated in 1670 in Kew Park, created by Lord Henry Capel on the site of an apothecary's garden. More than 2 million tourists visit them every year, but the gardens are not just for them. Kew Gardens is a leading center for botanical research and the training of professional gardeners. Scientific research is carried out here, and the plants are also used as a source for other beautiful parks in England.
The most famous attractions in the Royal Botanic Gardens are Kew Palace, Minka, Great Pagoda, Davis Alpine House, Japanese Gate, Rizotron Multimedia Gallery, Queen Charlotte's Cottage, Marianne North Gallery, Shirley Sherwood Gallery, Treetop Walk Bridge and Water Lily House.
The most modern Princess of Wales Orangery is rightfully proud of the Amazonian giant water lily and Amorphophallus titanica (the plant with the largest flower of all).
Tropical Palm Park, Florida, USA
The park is home to a unique collection of rare tropical plants, including palm trees, flowering trees and vines.
Desert Botanical Garden, Arizona, USA
Yu Yuan Garden, Shanghai
The first owner of the Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai, Pan Yunduan, who was the provincial treasurer in the Ming era, decided to build a garden reminiscent of the imperial garden in Beijing to please his parents in their old age. Since the 16th century, the park has been rebuilt several times.
The entire park was built according to all the rules of Feng Shui. The garden is divided into 6 parts, which are connected by intricate transitions, visually isolated from each other. The name Yu Yuan means "Garden of Joy" or "Garden of Leisure Rest".
Garden of Cosmic Thoughts, Scotland
The authors of the idea of such a garden are architect Charles Jenks and his wife, landscape designer Maggie Keswick-Jenks. They decided to reproduce the Universe in miniature in the park, to show not only the beauty of the Universe, its micro and macro worlds, but also its laws, paradoxes, its birth and evolution through garden forms, landscapes, and sculptures.