The deepest place in the world is water. Some of the deepest places on earth. Mariana Trench. "Challenger Deep"

From the dark depths of the ocean to some of the highest peaks on Earth, below are twenty-five of the world's vastest, tallest, deepest and tiniest places!

25. The deepest lake is Lake Baikal

This Siberian rift lake is not only the deepest lake on Earth, but it also has the largest volume and contains approximately 20 percent of the fresh water of the entire Earth's surface.

24. The highest mountain is Everest


As you may have suspected, Everest is officially the tallest mountain in the world. But this is only if we start our measurement at sea level...

23. The highest mountain from base to summit is Mauna Kea


Mauna Kea, a volcano on the big island of Hawaii, is more than twice as tall as Everest, measured from the mountain's seabed base to its peak.

22. The point furthest from the center of the Earth is Mount Chimborazo


Due to the Earth's bulge at the equator, the peak of Mount Everest is also not the farthest point from the center of the Earth. That honor belongs to the summit of Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador.

21. The lowest point on Earth - Challenger Deep


This depression, located nearly 11 kilometers below the ocean's surface, is the deepest point of the already deep Mariana Trench. In fact, Everest would sit comfortably below the surface here.

20. The highest waterfall - Angel Falls


This waterfall in Venezuela is so high that the water sometimes evaporates before reaching the ground.

19. The driest place is the Atacama Desert


In the middle of the Chilean Atacama Desert there is a point where rain has never fallen. Scientists call this region an “absolute desert.”

18. The highest human settlement is La Rinconada


This mining town, located in Peru, is in the highest inhabited region of the globe. At an altitude higher than the location of La Rinconada, a person simply will not be able to adapt.

17. Highest temperature - Death Valley


With a recorded temperature of nearly 57 degrees Celsius, Death Valley in California has once again become the hottest place on Earth in recent memory.

16. The most remote inhabited place on Earth - Tristan da Cunha


This small archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, located thousands of kilometers from both South Africa and South America, has a population of 271 people. Mail arrives here only a few times a year.

15. The deepest cave - Krubera-Voronya Cave


This cave, located in Abkhazia, is the only known cave in the world whose depth exceeds 2,000 meters.

14. The biggest difference in height is Mount Thor


Mount Thor, located in Canada, has an altitude of 1250 meters and despite its very remote location in the frozen tundra of the northern provinces of Canada, it is a popular climbing destination.

13. Hottest inhabited place - Dallol, Ethiopia


The hottest permanently inhabited region in the world is in Ethiopia. Although these days Dallol has become even less populated and some even say that it has become a ghost town. However, it is also worth noting that there has not been an official census in this region for a long time, so the research is based on previously obtained data.

12. The northernmost point of land on Earth - Kaffeklubben Island


This island, belonging to Greenland, is officially considered the northernmost point of land on Earth. However, there are several slow-moving gravel bars that lie further north.

11. Lowest temperature - Vostok Station, Antarctica


-89.2°C - This temperature was recorded in East Antarctica and, apart from some new satellite measurements, is still considered the coldest land temperature in history.

10. The deepest ice - Bentley Subglacial Trench


This place is also located in Antarctica, and the depth of the local ice exceeds 2.5 kilometers. In fact, the land on which it rests is well below sea level and is the lowest point on Earth not covered by an ocean.

9. The deepest point measured from ground level - Kola superdeep well


Although it was artificially created, this Russian scientific project tried to get as deep into the earth's crust as possible. The drill reached a depth of more than 12 kilometers.

8. The deepest point made by man - TauTona Mine


This South African mine is the deepest point under the surface of the Earth that a person could fit into. Its depth is almost 4 kilometers.

7. The coldest settlement is Oymyakon, Russia


Temperatures sometimes drop below zero in mid-September and remain there until May. The average temperature in January is -46 °C. The population of the village is less than 500 people.

6. The highest road is the Aucanquilcha mining road.


This mining road was once used by trucks to climb this Chilean volcano to an altitude of over 6,000 meters.

5. Highest mountain pass - Marsimik La, India


Although the volcanic mountain road we saw in the previous point is technically the highest road in the world, it is a dead end and is no longer in use. In contrast, the Marsimik La Pass, located at 5,582 meters in northern India, is often considered the highest functional road in the world.

4. The highest lake is Lake Titicaca


This lake is located on the border of Peru and Bolivia in the Andes at an altitude of 3,812 meters. There are several unnamed crater lakes around the world that may be located slightly higher.

3. The most remote island - Bouvet Island


This small uninhabited Norwegian island in the South Atlantic Ocean lies between Antarctica and Tristan da Cunha (which, as you may recall, is itself quite remote).

2. The longest river is the Nile


Despite the difficulties in accurately calculating the sources and directions of various rivers, the Nile is generally considered the longest river in the world. Its length is 6,650 kilometers. In ancient times, when water still flowed from Lake Tanganyika, the Nile was 1,500 kilometers longer.

1. The farthest point from the ocean is Xinjiang, China


This region in China is Asia's pole of inaccessibility. This basically means that it is the farthest point on the continent from any ocean.

Do you think the deepest places on the planet can reach 10 kilometers? Let's figure it out together. Considering the fact that the Earth’s core is about six kilometers from the surface, they probably cannot. However, our world is a very amazing place. We bring to your attention the Top 10 most unique depressions, pits, wells and other deep zones, striking in their history and dimensions. We will consider not only land, but also water spaces. Let's talk about the origin and significance of artificially made pits. Let's find out how close a person can get to the core of the planet!

Top 10 deepest places in the world

10

In England there is the most amazing well in the world called Woodingdean. Construction of this facility began back in 1858. At that time, no one planned to build such a huge pit. Initially, it was planned to dig the well only 122 meters. However, after achieving the goal, the craftsmen failed to find water. As a result, specialists of that time continued their work and reached the subsoil at a depth of 392 meters. It is difficult to say how many victims this construction cost. Every day people had to climb down fragile stairs.

The deepest mine on our planet, which is also famous for the work of a unique excavator. The depth is 370 meters. At the same time, with the help of the world's largest equipment, about twenty-five tons of brown coal are lifted every day. That's not all - it turns out that near the quarry there is a hill called Sophienhöhe, which is the largest artificial hill on the planet. With its help you can see the entire mine; it rises 300 meters above the sea. That is, Sophienhöhe is almost as big as the Tagebau Hambach mine is deep.

Mexico has the largest sinkhole, El Zacaton, which attracts drivers from all over the world. It is as attractive as it is dangerous, because the depth is 339 meters. It was formed during the Pleistocene, approximately 12 million years ago. The huge depression is completely filled with water. According to available official data, to date only one robot has managed to reach the bottom of the crater. Naturally, the pressure is beyond comprehension.

Baikal is the property of the Russian Federation, the depth of which reaches 1642 meters. You might be interested in checking out other large lakes on our planet! As for Baikal, it should be noted that people have been actively trying to conquer the depth of this freshwater body since 1977. For the first time, the goal was achieved with the help of the Mir bathyscaphe, submerged to a maximum depth of 1640 meters. The event took place in 2009! Baikal is also included in our ranking of the largest lakes in Russia and ranks second there.

More than 2 km.

In Abkhazia there is a cave called Krubera. Locals also call it Crow Cave. So, its depth is more than 2 kilometers. One of the deepest places on land was discovered in 1960 by a certain Alexander Kruber, in whose honor, in fact, the cave got its name. To this day, this unique place delights a lot of archaeologists and researchers from different parts of our planet. However, like brave tourists.

In Canada, namely Ontario, there is a zinc mine called Kidd Mine. The depth of the amazing lowland is 2733 meters above sea level. Such mines cannot be found, not only due to their size, but also due to the minerals that can be regularly removed from the open pit. It is located in the northern part of the state, closest to the center of the planet. It should be noted that underground it expands significantly. At the same time, it is planned to deepen the mine at the end of this year!

The deepest point in the Arctic Ocean

Unfortunately there are no photos.

The Litke Trench is perhaps not a very hospitable place, the depth of which is approximately 5500 m. It is located approximately 350 kilometers from the Arctic desert, near the island of Spitsbergen. In the Arctic Ocean it has no competitors in terms of depth. The Litke Trench was first discovered by members of the expedition of the ship "Fedor Litke" back in 1955. In honor of this mission, as well as the name of the leader, the depression received this name.

Milwaukee is the deepest point in the ocean, located in the vast Atlantic waters. Just imagine that its depth is 8740 m. That is, the distance is greater than to the core of the Earth. Here is the answer to the main question of this text. But that's not all. It was first recorded by the Milwaukee ship (America). Located on the border of the Caribbean Sea. For a long time, geologists tried to understand where the fault occurs, but to this day there is no exact answer. Most likely, it was formed as a result of a volcanic eruption due to a powerful tsunami. If you're interested, you can find out what they are!

The ocean is much closer to us than the planets of the solar system. However, only 5 percent of its bottom has been studied. How many more secrets do the waters of the world's oceans hold? This is the greatest mystery of our planet.

Maximum depth

The Mariana Trench, or otherwise the Mariana Trench, is the deepest place in the world's oceans. Amazing creatures live here and there is practically no light. However, this is the most famous place, which is still not fully explored and conceals many unsolved mysteries.

Diving into the Mariana Trench is truly suicide. After all, the water pressure here is thousands of times higher than the pressure at sea level. The maximum depth of the world's oceans is approximately 10,994 meters with an error of 40 meters. However, there are brave souls who descended to the very bottom, risking their own lives. Of course, this could not have happened without modern technologies.

Where is the deepest place in the world's oceans?

The Mariana Trench is located in the region, or more precisely, in its western part, closer to the east, near Guam, about 200 kilometers from the deepest place in the world's oceans, shaped like a crescent-shaped trench. The width of the depression is approximately 69 kilometers and the length is 2550 kilometers.

Coordinates of the Mariana Trench: eastern longitude - 142°35’, northern latitude - 11°22’.

Temperature at the bottom

Scientists have suggested that at maximum depth there should be a very low temperature. However, they were very surprised by the fact that at the bottom of the Mariana Trench this figure remains above zero and amounts to 1 - 4 ° C. Soon an explanation was found for this phenomenon.

Hydrothermal springs are located approximately at a depth of 1600 meters from the surface of the water. They are also called “white smokers.” Jets of very hot water come out of the springs. Its temperature is 450° Celsius.

It is worth noting that this water contains a huge amount of minerals. It is these chemical elements that support life at great depths. Despite such a high temperature, which is several times higher than the boiling point, the water does not boil here. And this is explained by fairly high pressure. At this depth, this figure is 155 times higher than that on the surface.

As you can see, the deepest places in the world's oceans are not so simple. There are still many secrets hidden in them that need to be unraveled.

Who lives at such depths?

Many people think that the deepest place in the world's oceans is an abyss where life cannot exist. However, this is not the case. At the very bottom of the Mariana Trench, scientists discovered very large amoebas, which are called xenophyophores. Their body length is 10 centimeters. These are very large single-celled organisms.

Scientists suggest that this type of amoeba acquired such a size due to the environment in which they have to exist. It is worth noting that these single-celled creatures were found at a depth of 10.6 kilometers. Their development was influenced by many factors. This includes the lack of sunlight, fairly high pressure, and, of course, cold water.

In addition, xenophyophores have simply unique abilities. Amoebas tolerate the effects of many chemicals and elements, including lead, mercury and uranium.

Shellfish

There is very high pressure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. In such conditions, even creatures with bones or shells have no chance of surviving. However, not so long ago, mollusks were found in the Mariana Trench. They live near hydrothermal springs, because serpentine contains methane and hydrogen. These substances allow a living organism to fully form.

It is still not known how mollusks manage to preserve their shells in such conditions. In addition, hydrothermal springs release another gas - hydrogen sulfide. And it is known to be fatal to any mollusks.

Liquid carbon dioxide in its pure form

The Mariana Trench is a deep place in the world's oceans, as well as an amazing world with many unexplained phenomena. There are hydrothermal vents located near Taiwan, outside the Okinawa Trench. This is the only underwater area currently known to contain liquid carbon dioxide. This place was discovered back in 2005.

Many scientists believe that it was these sources that allowed life to arise in the Mariana Trench. After all, there is not only the optimal temperature, but also chemicals present.

Finally

The deepest places of the world's oceans simply amaze with the extraordinary nature of their world. Here you can find living organisms that thrive in complete darkness and at high pressure and cannot exist in any other environment.

It is worth noting that the Mariana Trench has the status of a US national monument. This marine reserve is the largest in the world. Of course, for those who want to visit here, there is a certain list of rules. Mining and fishing is strictly prohibited in this place.

Of the 5 existing oceans in the world, only the Pacific can boast of its size and depth. Its area extends from the Arctic to the Southern oceans and amounts to 169.2 million km².

It owns almost half (46%) of the world's water space. If we take the entire globe as 100%, then the Pacific Ocean accounts for 30% of the entire surface on the planet.

Which ocean is the deepest? Still the same Quiet! And only thanks to the Mariana Trench, which, according to scientists, was formed as a result of the collision of two oceanic plates. The depth of the Mariana Trench is impressive - 11035 meters!

It is noteworthy that the deepest point of the ocean is further away from sea level than the highest point on the planet - Mount Everest above it.

5 water deserts of the world

There is much more water on Earth than land. People have discovered continents and islands, but most of the globe is hidden under water.

The entire globe is covered by the waters of five oceans: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic and Southern. The single water element of the world ocean changes its properties as latitude changes.

As we can see from the table, the Pacific Ocean is rightfully considered the largest and deepest. The Challenger Deep is the deepest point of the Mariana Trench, its depth is 11,035 meters.

The oceanic trench is named Mariana because of the islands of the same name located around it.

And the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean, whose area is 11 times smaller than the Pacific. But it ranks second after Quiet in terms of the number of islands on it, one of which, Greenland, is the largest in the world.

Great and varied

Previously, the deepest ocean in the world was called “Great”, since it accounts for 50% of the surface of the world’s oceans. It is located north and south of the equator, and it is at the equator that its width is maximum. That's why it's the warmest.

The Pacific Ocean covers almost all climatic zones, so different types of flora and fauna are represented here.

The ocean does not live up to its name; it is far from quiet. But this is not surprising; at one time they could call Greenland a green country, and Iceland an icy one.

Different winds blow in different parts of it, called trade winds, monsoons, hurricanes constantly sweep over its surface, and storms very often rage in the temperate part of the ocean. Waves reach 30 meters in height, and raging typhoons can raise huge columns of water.

The temperature regime of the water surface varies greatly; in the north it can drop to -1˚С, and at the equator it can reach +29˚С.

In addition, more precipitation falls over the surface of the giant than moisture evaporates, so the water in the ocean is less salty than usual.

Due to the fact that it is located in many climatic zones, the world of flora and fauna here is very rich and diverse.

The diversity of nature gives rise to incredible fertility of water masses: in different places, researchers have discovered large schools of fish - from salmon to herring. The Pacific fleets are famous for the industrial fishing of horse mackerel, mackerel, butterfish, flounder, pollock and other species.

An abundance of fish is essential for seabirds. Therefore, penguins, pelicans, cormorants and seagulls will always find something to eat. There are also famous whales here, which can be recognized from afar by the huge fountains of water on the sea surface. There are a lot of seals and sea beavers.

A wide variety of shellfish, crabs, squid, and urchins. The largest mollusk that lives only in the Pacific Ocean, the tridacna, weighs about a quarter of a ton. There are many sharks, huge tuna and sailfish living in it.

The ocean also boasts its own mountain range. It was created over millions of years by living organisms and has the same height, only under water, as the Ural ridge. This is the largest natural complex on earth, called the Great Barrier Reef.

The variety of colors and shades in which coral colonies are painted create a magical world for diving, ready to captivate anyone. These include quaint castles, colorful floral arrangements, and mysterious mushrooms. The diversity of echinoderms, different breeds of crayfish, mollusks, and exotic fish is amazing.

There are fifty countries located on the shores of the Pacific Ocean, representing half the world's population.