With what debt can you fly abroad? Russian debtors have found loopholes to travel abroad

Is it possible to travel abroad with debts? Any person who has any debt should check their status before traveling outside Russia. Otherwise, a surprise may await you right at passport control. Every year, thousands of Russians are turned away because they do not know the law and have not taken care of a carefree vacation in advance. From the article you will learn how to check whether you will be released abroad with debts, whether there is a difference between debt for housing and communal services and alimony, and also what amount of debt limits travel abroad.

If you plan to travel abroad with debts, you can check their presence or absence in several ways. I’ll tell you about all of them below, but first, let’s figure out which law stipulates restrictions on traveling abroad for debt reasons.

Traveling abroad with debts, or rather not leaving the Russian Federation, is regulated by several laws, including the federal laws “On the procedure for leaving the Russian Federation and entering the Russian Federation” and “On enforcement proceedings.” They are written in dry language and sometimes it is more difficult to understand them than the language of aliens who flew from the constellation Alpha Centauri. Therefore, I will explain everything in simple terms.

Temporary restriction of the right to travel outside Russia is considered an effective measure and the Federal Bailiff Service (FSPP) successfully applies it, but many do not know exactly how such a process is launched.

The very fact of debt, be it a loan, traffic police fines or alimony, does not automatically make a person unable to travel abroad. To do this, the amount of debt must exceed a certain threshold, but even after this, a particular citizen may be included in the list of debtors who are prohibited from traveling abroad only after several months, or even years.

Most Russians do not know what amount of debt limits travel abroad. In 2017, its size changed, causing even more confusion. Although in reality everything is simple.

1. If we are talking about the collection of alimony, compensation for harm caused to health or compensation for harm in connection with the death of the breadwinner, then I can restrict a person from leaving Russia if the total debt recognized by the court exceeds 10 thousand rubles.
2. For all other requirements (debts for utilities, bank loans, loans from microfinance organizations, traffic police fines, etc.), the amount of debt for which leaving the country can be prohibited is from 30 thousand rubles.

Statistics from bailiffs say that most often orders banning travel are issued against Russians who are in debt.

• Bank loan.
• MFO loan.
• To the state on traffic police fines.
• Management companies for utilities.
• Former spouse and child for alimony.
• To the state for taxes.

Any of the above categories of debtors does not automatically become prohibited from traveling even if the amount of his debt exceeds 30 thousand rubles. Temporary restrictions on traveling abroad do not always arise even after a court decision is made. There are nuances here too. For example, debts arising from traffic fines do not concern the courts in any way; they are immediately transferred to the FSSP. But in most cases the process goes like this.

1. A debt case comes to court.
2. The court makes a decision on forced collection.
3. This decision is sent to the bailiffs, who must collect the debt using various measures of influence on the debtors, including making a decision to restrict travel abroad.

How quickly is the exit restriction introduced?

Restrictions when traveling abroad due to debts are not introduced automatically, so in each individual case the period for introducing such a restriction may be different. Next, using specific examples, we will analyze situations with debts on loans, fines, alimony, utility bills, and so on.

Traveling abroad with housing and communal services debts

Debt for utilities and traveling abroad are in no way connected with each other. Some Russians do not pay bills for housing and communal services for months and quietly travel around the world. So, traveling abroad with utility debts is quite possible, unless the house management company or the homeowners association of your home has decided to seek debt collection through the courts.

Practice shows that utility companies only go to court if they have large debts. The very fact of the trial is also not a reason for introducing a temporary restriction on traveling abroad. Only after a court decision on forced collection is made, the bailiff service will be able to open enforcement proceedings, within the framework of which it is possible to use restrictive measures.

Where can I check my housing and communal services debt and will I be allowed to go abroad with it if there is enforcement proceedings? If it is less than 30,000 rubles, then no one has the right to restrict you from leaving. But checking the existence of debt for utility bills is quite difficult. More precisely, you yourself know it very well if you receive tickets and do not pay for them. If the house management company goes to court, you should receive a corresponding notification. If the court has made a decision, the service nevylet.rf will help you find out about it. There you can get all the current data at the time of the request. Not only for court decisions, but also for traffic police fines, credit debts, and so on.

Traveling abroad with alimony debt

Is it possible to travel abroad with alimony debts? It is definitely possible if the debt on them is less than 10,000 rubles. In other cases, there is a high risk of becoming temporarily banned from traveling abroad. Court proceedings for alimony payments are usually resolved quite quickly, and bailiffs make a decision to restrict travel even faster. Therefore, if you ask whether alimony workers who do not pay are released abroad, I will answer that they are reluctant to do so and alimony debt is one of the most problematic.

Will they be released abroad with loan debt?

Surprisingly, there are Russians who ask more knowledgeable people on the Internet whether they will let them go abroad if they have a loan. There is only one answer: 1000 times “Yes.” Even if you have 10 loans, but you regularly pay them, you can safely go to any country - the border guards will not grab your hand, shake their fingers and turn you back for having a loan.

It’s another matter when debtors going on vacation ask whether they will let them go abroad with unpaid loans. Here it is important to understand what the people asking the question mean by the phrase “unpaid loan”. If it’s just the fact of having a loan, then see the paragraph above. If you have a loan debt, then whether you will be allowed to go abroad or not depends on the stage of your relationship with the bank. But I emphasize once again that without a court decision and open enforcement proceedings, neither collectors nor representatives of the bank’s security service have the right to restrict your departure from Russia.

The presence of loan debt and the recognition of this debt by the court significantly reduces your chances of traveling abroad. Again, if the loan debt is less than 30,000 rubles, even the bailiffs on duty at the airport will not be able to stop you.

Therefore, to the question “Will they let you go abroad if you have a loan?”, the answer is an unequivocal “They will let you out,” but to the question “You have a debt on a loan, will you let you go abroad?”, everything is not so clear.

It doesn’t matter what type of loan you owe. This could be a personal loan, mortgage debt, or credit card debt. Without FSSP enforcement proceedings or if the loan debt is less than 30,000 rubles, all Russian airports are open to you.

Abroad with fine debts

Do they let you go abroad with traffic police fines? Getting a fine from traffic cops is easy these days. There are so many video cameras and violations installed that you just have time to receive letters of happiness. Of course, someone will say, follow the traffic rules and sleep well. But situations are different and sometimes committing a minor offense simply cannot be avoided. On the other hand, if there is a threshold of 30,000 rubles, you have to be a very persistent traffic violator in order to be included in the list of travel bans.

Perhaps you consider yourself one of these people, and you are planning to travel abroad with debts? You can check all unpaid traffic fines in different ways, including through the government services portal, but the Nevylet.rf service will help you identify all your debts at once. Since on federal websites the relevance of the data is 2 weeks, and on the Nevylet.rf service the data is current on the day of access.

You must remember that you have 60 days to pay administrative fines, including traffic police fines. Two months after the fine is issued, the debt, bypassing the court, is transferred to the FSSP. This is bad for the debtor, but there is also a positive aspect. Bailiffs cannot restrict a citizen who has unpaid administrative fines from leaving the country. The need to establish such a ban is determined by the court, where FSSP employees must apply.

How and where to find out about the ban on traveling abroad

Will they be released abroad? How to check? Where to see? This is the question asked by everyone who feels the potential to be on the travel ban list, even temporarily. There are several options for checking the presence of debts, which may be the reason for imposing a travel restriction. I'll tell you about them all, their pros and cons.

Website of the Federal Bailiff Service

The FSSP website is located at fssprus.ru and immediately on the main page it offers information about your debts. It is enough to enter your last name and first name or individual entrepreneur number and also indicate the territorial authority (your region). The system will then ask you to enter a letter code and display the search results.

Your personal data may coincide with the personal data of another debtor, so to clarify, use the advanced search, indicating the middle name and date of birth.

The system shows enforcement proceedings that have been opened against a citizen over the past few years. Including those already closed. There is an opportunity to pay the debt, but please note that a commission is charged.

The FSSP website explains: “The entry in the Data Bank will be deleted or changed (in case of partial repayment of the debt) within 3 to 7 days from the date of payment, since the funds must be transferred to the deposit account of the bailiff department, distributed, and transferred to the recoverer.”

Government services website

If you are registered on the government services website, you can check your debt here. The site shows debts not only by the bank of enforcement proceedings, but also by other databases: traffic police fines, tax debt, court debt.

You need to search in the relevant sections of the government services catalog (in the screenshot below I noted where to click). Traffic police fines are searched in the “Transport and Driving” section, tax debts in the “Taxes and Finance” section, court debts in the “Safety and Law and Order” section.

I will not provide instructions for searching for debts on the government services website, since everything there is quite simple and clear. If you still have questions, ask them in the comments.

The main advantage of the two above sites is that the check is absolutely free. The main disadvantage is that the information may be out of date, and the delay in updating data can be up to two weeks. That is, it is quite possible that the database on the FSPP website will show the absence of enforcement proceedings, but at the border they will tell you the opposite. And prove to the border guards that “I am not me and the fur coat is not mine.”

Service Nevylet.rf

The Nevylet.rf service was created for the same purpose. You will be able to assess the possibility of traveling abroad with debts and check the presence of debt by:

• Credits.
• Taxes (transport, land, property, etc.).
• Bailiffs.
• Alimony.
• Traffic police
• Administrative fines.

But unlike federal websites, the service presents current data at the time of the request. As they say, you have to pay for relevance, so checking on the site is paid. All details are in the link or click on the widget below.

I would especially like to note that the personal information you provide when filling out the form is not transferred to third parties.

What to do if you have a restriction and a plane ticket?

Let's say you ordered a report on the nevylet.rf service and found out that the probability of departure is very low due to some debt that you didn’t even suspect. Previously, in such a situation, when the departure was in a week, this meant that the trip with a 99% probability would not take place. Even if you are a conscientious payer and immediately repaid the debt, it took 2-3 weeks for the bailiffs to find out about it, close the enforcement proceedings and notify the FSB Border Service about the lifting of the restriction.

Since October 2017, an accelerated procedure for lifting the ban on traveling abroad began to operate in Russia. The bailiff, who has received information about the repayment of the debt (for this, FSPP employees use the State Information System on state and municipal payments), is obliged to lift the travel restriction the very next day, and also notify the FSB Border Service about this. The ban on traveling abroad should, in theory, be lifted within 24 hours.

I hope now you know everything about traveling abroad with debts. You also learned how to check their presence or absence, as well as possible restrictions on traveling abroad. I wish you kind border guards and trouble-free trips abroad.

Always yours, Daniil Privonov.

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Hello, dear travelers. Today we will talk about situations related to traveling abroad with debts and restrictions. The situation is complex and unpleasant, almost every day Russians are faced with the problem of traveling abroad, while the state does not provide a convenient online service to check the presence or absence of restrictions, all that we can check quickly and without leaving home is enforcement proceedings (IP) on website of the Federal Bailiff Service of the Russian Federation (details about checking individual entrepreneurs) or on the website of the State Services.

Of course, in an ideal world, each of us should know about our debts and restrictions, but we live here and now, where a postal notification may not arrive for a completely variety of reasons, an employee of the bailiff service may simply forget to send a notification, and a payment paid on time get lost in the banking jungle. And here is the airport, we go through border control and get a refusal... How many of you are ready for this? I think there are practically no such people, with rare exceptions. Let's look at all these and other questions in order.

Important:There is NO online service for checking restrictions!

The presence of restrictions when leaving Russia is checked by the Border Service of the FSB of the Russian Federation

Crossing the Russian border involves control - inspection by border guards and customs officers. Customs looks after the transported cargo and money; they are not at all interested in your debts. The question of whether to travel or not falls within the competence of the border guards, who, in turn, act on the order received from the bailiffs on the temporary restriction of travel. Then the problem of debt can become a problem of traveling outside the homeland.

Having debt does not mean there is a restriction on travel

As you can see from user messages on our Forum and other resources, people very often confuse debts with restrictions. Of course, there are no restrictions on leaving without debt (with the exception of prohibitions not on debt issues), while the mere presence of debt does not in any way mean the presence of restrictions. Even if you have an active enforcement proceeding and you see it on the Russian Federation website, this does not mean that a travel ban has been imposed on you.

How to check debts and travel restrictions?

In this article I will not consider in detail how to check debts; this is described in detail in the online services section. To briefly describe this issue, you can check your debts on the State Services website (if you don’t have an account yet, you can read the detailed instructions on how to register an account on the State Services), I also advise you to look at the presence or absence of enforcement proceedings (IP) on the website. As I wrote above, There is no online service for checking travel restrictions!!! Remember, there are various sites on the Internet where you can be offered to check restrictions for money, as a rule, these are just scammers who will take your money and will not help you in any way. And of course, the mountains of rubbish in the search results of the RuNet are full of articles that confuse the concepts of “Debt” and “Limitation”. All you can check is the presence of debts and individual entrepreneurs.

Grounds for restrictions on travel abroad

Restrictions on traveling abroad are imposed only if the following grounds exist:

• There is enforcement proceedings based on a court decision and writ of execution or the court decision itself indicating the obligations imposed on the citizen;
• The court decision must enter into legal force (it is not in the process of appeal and cannot be appealed);
• The writ of execution must be valid and presented in accordance with the law, within 3 years from the date of entry into force;
• The amount of debt in enforcement proceedings is more than 10,000 rubles, with the exception of certain categories of debts, where, in accordance with the new law that entered into force on October 1, the amount of debt must exceed 30,000 rubles;
• The debtor evades the requirement to make payment on time without a valid reason.

In the absence of at least one of the above conditions, the legality of the restriction on travel abroad can be challenged.

Important: Alimony debtors, citizens who owe compensation for damage caused to health or due to the death of the family breadwinner, as well as in connection with property damage or moral harm, as before the adoption of the new amendments, may be restricted from traveling abroad with a debt amount of 10,000 rubles

A limitation for a period of 6 months can be established either at the initiative of the bailiff or at the request of the claimant, provided that the debtor voluntarily did not fulfill the requirements for payment of the debt within a 2-month period. When imposing a ban, the bailiff is the executor is obliged to send a notice of travel restriction, to the permanent registered address of the debtor, or to the known address of his residence.

Important: The period of 6 months for which the travel restriction is issued is counted from the date when it was issued by the bailiff (and not when this decision reaches the border guards).

Excerpt from the forum regarding the presence or absence of information about debts on the FSSP website:

Traveling abroad with debts without breaking the law!?

Let's consider the option when the bailiff handed over the order and you signed for receipt, it seems that everything is according to the law, but you have to go, and you have tickets in hand. Nothing scary yet! In accordance with the law, you have the right to appeal the actions of the bailiff, which entails a ban on traveling abroad, within 10 days from the date of receipt of the decision, having prepared and sent an application to the court, do not forget to mark the acceptance of the document by the court. In this situation, you will not have to pay state duty. After filing a complaint against the decision, it is imperative to take a copy with a receipt stamp to the FSSP office and there also receive a receipt stamp. That's it, your part of the job is done. You won the most important thing - time. It is known from reliable sources: If the bailiff, before the court makes a decision on the filed complaint, sends your data to the “not traveling” database, the possible consequences at work will be more than sad for him.

Excerpt from the forum regarding the existence of enforcement proceedings and the travel ban:

If you have an individual entrepreneur (enforcement proceedings with the FSSP), this does not mean that you will not be able to fly abroad from the Russian Federation. The border guards will not let you out only if your bailiff has issued a “temporary order” against you. travel restrictions." Remember that it takes time to rule on time. the restriction (or the abolition of the temporary restriction) reached the border guards and they brought it to their base.

Important: The 6 months for which the travel restriction is issued is counted from the date when it was issued by the bailiff (and not when this decision reaches the border guards).

Now we come to the main question. How to travel abroad if there is already a travel restriction and it is not possible to return debts to bailiffs? Of course, it would still be right to pay off the debt and fly calmly, although in this case you will still have to wait, as I wrote above, receipt of payment and lifting of restrictions takes about 2 weeks!

When going on vacation and treatment outside the Russian Federation, many citizens check their debts on the websites of bailiffs and the tax inspectorate. Thus, they want to protect themselves from problems at border checkpoints. Not many people know that traveling abroad with a debt is possible. We will tell you what debts you can leave the country with. You don’t have to unpack your suitcase, even if the debt exceeds 30 thousand rubles. In this case, you don’t have to look for “cunning” ways - everything is in accordance with the letter of the law. So, what to do if the debt threshold has been exceeded and you are on the “black list of those not allowed to travel”?

With what debt will bailiffs be released from Russia?

Not only malicious debtors may be at risk of being banned from traveling. The legislator determined the monetary debt threshold: 30 thousand rubles in total. The norm is new - introduced in 2017. Previously it was three times smaller. But this is just a premise.

Only a bailiff can impose a temporary restriction on travel by a court decision. This process is lengthy: from the moment of the court’s decision to the initiation of enforcement proceedings, at least two months will pass. The debtor is given a 10-day period to appeal the decision.

If it remains in effect, you still have a full 60 days to voluntarily pay off the debt. During this time period, you can freely leave your country of residence.

Need to know, that the bailiff has the right, and not the obligation, to impose a temporary restriction on the debtor’s freedom of movement.

It is not a fact that he will make such a procedural decision specifically in relation to you, and you will end up on the lists of the Border Service of the FSB of Russia. But you can only find out about this at the checkpoint. There is a risk of postponing a paid trip. In this case, it will not be possible to return the money for the ticket and the “burnt” tour. All responsibility falls on the debtor.

So, debtors will be released abroad, despite the debt, in the following cases:

• If the amount of debt does not exceed 30,000 rubles.
• If the debt is not confirmed by a court decision.
• If the court decision has not yet entered into legal force.
• If the bailiffs did not initiate compulsory enforcement proceedings.
• If measures have been taken to pay off the debt in installments or partially, there must be a private court ruling on this point.

Why won't they let you go abroad?

Restriction of the debtor's rights to free movement outside the Russian Federation begins from the moment procedural decisions are made. If you have not received a court ruling, which often happens due to the work of the post office, you can find out about the initiation of enforcement proceedings on the website of the Federal Bailiff Service:

Access to the database is free and easy. Information is provided after entering personal data into the request fields: name, year of birth, region of residence.

The portal informs about the debt for which enforcement proceedings have been initiated:

• tax debts;
• rent payments;
• fines for traffic violations;
• alimony;
• private loans;
• loan payments (including guarantees for loans from third parties);
• debt to bailiffs.

An obstacle to traveling abroad is the total amount of debt exceeding thirty thousand rubles. It could also be various fines for administrative offenses, old debts, the total executive liability for which exceeded the fourth ten thousand rubles.

Only a court decision and the initiation of enforcement proceedings by bailiffs can become an obstacle to the debtor leaving the Russian Federation.

The absence of debts on the FSSP website is not a 100% guarantee of the absence of travel bans. Data arrives in the database with a delay of two weeks. You can find out the latest information on all debts and unclosed loans, which may not be in the FSSP database, and the probability of a successful departure from the report by filling out the form below:

How to leave if there is a debt on a loan, taxes or rent?

There are several ways for debtors to end up abroad of the Russian Federation. Some of them are completely legal, others are clever tricks for unscrupulous debtors.

Let's consider legal ways to resolve the border conflict:

1. The easiest way to travel abroad, having debts and court penalties - fulfill the requirements of the bailiffs. Expect the procedure to take more than two weeks.
   You pay off your debts, the bailiff makes sure that the money has been transferred to the correct account in full. Preparing a resolution to lift travel restrictions. Result: in the updated border service database, you are excluded from the stop list.
2. A debtor from the “black list” can go abroad, if his goal is to travel for treatment under an urgent quota.
3. A long way if the debt is huge and there is not enough cash. In agreement with the bailiffs, you are preparing a petition to the court for debt restructuring, partial repayment in exchange for freedom of movement around the world.
   The process will take an indefinite amount of time - it all depends on the speed of the “judicial machine” and the resourcefulness of the bailiffs.
4. The method is legal, but cunning. The temporary restriction is valid for six months. After the statute of limitations expires, the judge must again make a decision, and the bailiff must initiate enforcement proceedings. Thus, a “window” appears to travel outside the country.
   Sometimes you have to prove that the ban is illegal if the border service has not excluded such a debtor from its stop list.

Restrictions on the rights of debtors who fall under the system of court decisions are not immediately lifted. “Clearing” your debt history requires several stages, lasting at least 14 days.

How to quickly remove the ban after payment?

Even if you pay off your serious debts very quickly, even at the airport, you will have to go through certain bureaucratic delays before the ban on travel is lifted.

To speed up the process of lifting the temporary restriction on travel outside your home country, personally visit the bailiff who is handling your enforcement case.

Algorithm of actions:

1. Give the bailiff a copy of the payment for the entire amount of the debt.
2. You receive a decree (copy) on the lifting of restrictions. The document must be certified with the appropriate signatures and official seal.
3. Specify the timing of sending the resolution to the Border Service of the FSB of the Russian Federation.
4. Start waiting for the final stage, counting a couple of weeks to be safe.

As practice shows, the information will not be processed by the intelligence services before 10 days, which means it will not be possible to lift the ban. These are Russian realities.

Is it possible to fly through the countries of the Customs Union?

For Russian citizens, nothing is impossible if they have a very strong desire to leave; they find workarounds for the border ban. Debtors leave the borders of the Fatherland through friendly neighboring states, where there is no border control at entry, and for exit there is no access to the lists of Russian special services.

To date, two transits have received relative reliability:

• through Belarus (in a western direction);
• Kazakhstan (in the east).

There is nothing illegal in these actions: border guards of transit countries check departing Russians only for involvement in an international search. As a rule, the debts of a tourist in Russia are not of interest to the departure-controlling party of the Customs Union countries.

The debt threshold for the ban is 30 thousand rubles.

Voyage through Belarus

You can get to a neighboring European state in three ways:

• by car (bus) along the international highway M1;
• by rail all the way to Brest, where you will go through border control at the international airport;
• by air to the capital, from Minsk take the desired flight to your destination.

If the Belarusian border guards do not have bases for their Russian counterparts, you are in luck - you can easily board a plane going abroad.

This option is not considered a 100 percent win-win. In 2017, the work of the special services of Russia and Belarus began to unite stop lists for debtors of both countries.

During the holiday season, people go on vacation to different countries around the world. But not everyone manages to get there. Several million Russians have been banned from leaving the country due to outstanding debts. But not all citizens know about the existence of this ban. Read on for more details on how and with what debt you can travel abroad.

The essence of the problem

Today, many Russians have debts in the form of unpaid alimony, loans, utility bills and fines. The situation with debtors has especially worsened due to the economic crisis and sanctions from the European Union. Due to currency instability, the population has less ability to repay payments.

During the holiday season, Russians increasingly prefer holidays abroad rather than within the country. Crossing the border involves border control. Customs looks after the cargo and money being transported, and border guards give permission to enter/exit the country. They act according to the order received from the bailiffs. Therefore, unscrupulous borrowers may have a question about how to go abroad with loan debts.

Legal restrictions

According to Federal Law No. 114 “On the procedure for leaving the Russian Federation,” you cannot leave the country:

• People who have access to state secrets (1st and 2nd forms of access) for 5 years after the last acquaintance with classified information.
• Persons undergoing military service.
• Suspects, accused.
• Convicted persons before serving their sentence or release.
• Persons who have not fulfilled their obligations before the court.
• Citizens who provided knowingly false information about themselves when preparing documents.
• FSB employees.
• Bankrupt.

Let's look at the fifth point separately. It may concern people who are subject to non-property obligations. If this person complies with the court order - publicly apologizes to the offended person, moves out of the apartment, deletes other people's photographs, paints over the obscene inscription - then the ban will be lifted.

What debt will not allow you to travel abroad?

According to current legislation, if a person owes more than 10,000 RUB, his data is entered into the register. Such violators will be able to leave the territory of the Russian Federation after full repayment of the debt. As of June 2017, the Federal Judicial Service database listed 1.6 million “active” enforcement proceedings (several cases can be opened per person). Their number is constantly increasing. Over the first 5 months of 2018, another 310 thousand people were added to the register.

What is a ban

The mere fact of having a debt does not impose a prohibition. Only after a court decision is a person given the status of “not allowed to travel abroad.” The decision is made on the basis of a claim from the creditor organization. Then it is transferred to the FSSP, where a register of debtors is formed. The plaintiff may also be a private organization. Not only banks, but also utility companies go to court. Initially, the ban is imposed for six months. If during this period the debt is not repaid, then the period of “staying” on the black list is extended.

The borrower must be informed of the ban by a letter from the enforcement service. If during this period a person has changed his place of residence, then he may not be aware of the existence of the ban. This news will overtake him the next time he tries to leave the territory of the Russian Federation.

Separately, you should consider the subtleties of how to travel abroad with debts. In order for a border guard to stop a citizen, in addition to an outstanding debt, there must also be the following reasons:

• a valid writ of execution (if the accounts payable arose more than three years ago, then the statute of limitations on it has already expired);
• a court decision that has entered into force, that is, it should not undergo an appeal procedure;
• evasion of the debtor from fulfilling requirements without a good reason.

If one of these conditions is absent, the legality of the ban can be challenged in court.

An alimony debtor who has not paid compensation for damage to health, death of the breadwinner, or for property or moral damage may not be released from the country if the debt amount is more than 10,000 rubles. A six-month restriction can be imposed at the initiative of the bailiff or at the request of the creditor if the debtor has not voluntarily repaid the debt within two months. The restriction applies from the moment the writ of execution is signed, and not from the day it reaches the bailiffs.

How to check debts

If a ban is imposed, the debtor receives a corresponding notification. There is no open database in which this fact could be verified yet.

If the borrower is ready to pay the debt immediately or agrees on installments, then you can contact the bailiff with your passport. If you are not ready to pay yet, then it is better not to appear again. After all, it may be that the ban is not ready yet, but after the borrower appears, FSSP employees will quickly draw up and send a letter to the Border Service. And such situations happen.

The website offers a special service. A citizen just needs to indicate his full name, date of birth, region of registration and run the verification form. Information about all debts of a citizen is displayed here. Some debts can be paid directly on the website. It is better, of course, not to bring the situation to the attention of the bailiffs. If the borrower does not meet the deadline for voluntary execution of the decision (5 days from the date of receipt of the sheet), then he will have to pay a court fee (7% of the amount, minimum 1,000 rubles) and a penalty for each day of delay.

Debts to the tax office, the Pension Fund, for housing and communal services, and alimony can be found on the State Services portal and paid here. Information on overdue loan payments can be obtained free of charge once a year from the Credit History Bureau.

You can check information about whether you can travel abroad with debts and whether there is a ban at all on the website "No Departure.RF". Data is collected from all sources at once.

Where can I pay off my debt?

You can pay your debt anywhere. But departure will be allowed only after the ban is removed from the Border Guard base. This process takes from two weeks to a month. How to go abroad with debts in this case? Report the debt repayment to the bailiff so that he will lift the ban. In 2019, it is planned to create bailiff offices at border points. This will significantly speed up the process.

Countries of the Customs Union

For many years, borrowers left the border through Belarus and Kazakhstan. Russians bought tickets for a transit train, for example, through Kazakhstan, where their passports were not checked, but got off not at their destination, but in Astana. with debts through Kazakhstan today? This option will no longer work. Border services began to actively consolidate databases of debtors. Messages appear on forums about passengers being kicked off trains for having outstanding debts. But workarounds still exist.

How to travel abroad with debts through Belarus? In 2006, an agreement was signed between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus on the creation of a Union State, ensuring equal rights for citizens to move, choose their place of stay and residence. Russians can cross the border without filling out a migration card and going through customs control. Therefore, debtors could use the transit scheme and get to Minsk, and then to their destination. Return to the territory of the Russian Federation was carried out according to the same scheme. The border crossing was not recorded by customs officers of either country. According to the papers, the debtor remained in the Russian Federation, but in reality he was abroad. But today, the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation has developed and signed an agreement that will not allow persons with a debt of 10 thousand rubles to cross the border of neighboring states, including Belarus and Kazakhstan.

You can take a risk and use the transit scheme if you have a Schengen visa in your passport. For example, buy a ticket to Kaliningrad, present a simplified transit document at Russian customs, which allows you to travel in transit, and at Lithuanian customs - a Schengen visa and get off in Vilnius. From there, move along your own route. This is a semi-legal way. A Schengen visa is needed if a person wants to stay on the territory of the Republic of Lithuania. You cannot get off the train in Lithuania with a simplified document. If a citizen is stopped by local authorities on the territory of Lithuania, they will not be able to get off with a simple warning. The punishment for such a violation is deportation from the country for 5 years. In accordance with Art. 18 Federal Law “On the procedure for leaving the Russian Federation”, the international passport may be confiscated until the restriction is lifted. True, today border services rarely resort to such measures. However, using such a dubious method is not recommended. It’s better to deal with your debts first, and then calmly go abroad.

Is it possible to travel abroad with debts? You can take a risk and go on a trip. But in such a situation, there is always a risk that the borrower will be turned back to the Russian Federation at customs, and he will lose the money spent on the trip.

If you don’t want to take risks and don’t have the ability to pay off your debts, then travel around Russia. There are no restrictions on movement within the country. In the case of an air flight to a Russian city, a person undergoes pre-flight inspection without border control. That is, the passport is not checked by the FSSP. The same scheme applies when boarding a train or intercity bus.

These are the problems that may arise for those who decide to go abroad with debts. The nuances discussed earlier should be taken into account before planning a trip.

How to remove the ban?

The first restriction is imposed for six months. During this time, you can completely repay the debt and bring receipts to the FSSP. Or wait two weeks until the ban is lifted.

The borrower can try to convince the FSSP employee that the debt will be repaid soon. Or provide compelling reasons for traveling abroad. This could be: serious illness or death of a relative abroad, urgent medical care for a debtor, accompanying a patient abroad. The parties (lender and borrower) can reach a compromise and formalize a settlement agreement. Other grounds for lifting the ban include cancellation of the writ of execution and bankruptcy of the creditor’s organization.

The decision to lift restrictions is made within 24 hours. But processing this information in all databases takes time. Typically, 15 days pass from the moment the decision is issued until the information in the border services database is updated. And this is provided that the borrower himself notifies the FSSP about the repayment of the debt. So you should address the issue of paying off your debt as soon as possible.

It is important to understand that the same citizen may be subject to several enforcement proceedings from each creditor. Canceling one of them does not affect the others in any way. Even if there is a copy of the decision to lift the restriction, the border guard does not have the right to release the citizen until the information database is updated. Another bad news is that bailiffs have their own database. None of them can guarantee 100% that the ban in the border guards’ base has been lifted.

Special cases

In July 2017, amendments were made to the Federal Law “On Enforcement Proceedings” regarding the amount of debt. With what debt can you not travel abroad? Since October 2017, the amount has been increased to RUB 30,000. The innovation does not apply to debtors who evade payment of alimony and damages.

The citizen is given 5 days to voluntarily repay the debt. After its completion, by court decision, a writ of execution will be issued with a ban on leaving the country. True, the travel ban threshold can be reduced to 10,000 rubles. The rule applies to borrowers of banks and organizations that provide housing and communal services. For all other “socially significant payments” (alimony, compensation for damage to health, property), the threshold value remains the same - 30 thousand rubles.

Among other innovations, it is planned to reduce the time for updating information in the border guards’ database from 14 days to several days, and also to enable not only bailiffs, but also bailiffs at the FSSP to issue bans.

Precautionary measures

The most important thing to do is to check for debts on different services before leaving. If you were turned away at the border, but did not receive any notification, there is a chance to get your money back and receive compensation for moral damages.

You must register on the State Services website. This is a lengthy procedure, since the taxpayer will have to submit an application to the Pension Fund. Information about all debts of a citizen of the Russian Federation is displayed here. You can also repay it in full or in part, as well as print a receipt through the website. If you are not registered on the State Services portal, you can register on the websites of each of the inspectorates separately (Federal Tax Service, State Traffic Safety Inspectorate, Housing and Communal Services, etc.). But this process will take much longer.

You should check your credit history at least once a year. The Bureau issues such requests free of charge. If you discover an outstanding debt, you should resolve the issue with the bank before your trip.

The good news is that there is a legal way to travel abroad with debt. Even if the writ of execution arrived a few days before the trip, the borrower has the right to prepare and send an application to the court by registered mail within 10 days. It is very important that the copy of the application bears a mark indicating that the document was accepted by the court. You will not have to pay state duty. This document must be immediately taken to the FSSP office and received a receipt there. If, before a court decision is made, the bailiff sends the data of such a debtor to the database, the consequences for him will be very sad. As mentioned earlier, one of the conditions for the ban to apply is the presence of an unappealed court decision.

Conclusion

Due to the worsening economic situation, every citizen can be blacklisted as a debtor. The worst thing is that the person will not even realize that a ban has been imposed on him. The mere fact of having a loan from a bank is not yet a basis for imposing a ban. The key is the fact that there is an unpaid (overdue) debt. The creditor, whether a commercial or government entity, must sue and win. Border guards have the right not to release a citizen who owes the state 10-30 thousand rubles. How to travel abroad with debts? The borrower always has the opportunity to delay time and appeal the court decision. But it's better to be safe. And check your debts so that you can travel abroad without any problems or hassle.

The Ministry of Justice will block debtors from flying abroad from Belarus and Kazakhstan. The agency is developing a document according to which citizens with a debt of 10 thousand rubles or more in enforcement proceedings initiated in any city in Russia will be deployed at the borders of neighboring states. This is a draft protocol on the procedure for exchanging information about citizens of the Russian Federation, Belarus and Kazakhstan. A source close to the Federal Bailiff Service (FSSP) told Izvestia about this and was confirmed by official representatives of the Ministry of Justice. In fact, the ministry is depriving violators of the last loophole to circumvent the legal ban on flying abroad.

Official representatives of the Ministry of Justice confirmed the words of the source regarding the exchange of information about debtors not allowed to travel between Russia and Belarus.

According to the agreement between Russia and the Republic of Belarus on ensuring equal rights of citizens of these countries to freedom of movement, choice of place of stay and residence, the competent authorities of both parties will take measures to prevent citizens subject to legal restrictions on leaving from leaving for third countries, - commented in press service of the Ministry of Justice.

The department also reported that in order to implement this provision, work is underway to prepare a draft protocol on the procedure for exchanging information about citizens of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus who are subject to travel restrictions.

After completion of internal state procedures and signing of the protocol, the established procedure for the exchange of information will make it possible to exclude cases of debtors leaving through the territory of the Republic of Belarus, the department’s press service clarified.

Those people against whom enforcement proceedings have been initiated for outstanding debts over 10 thousand rubles are considered non-travel debtors. The number of such debtors is 2 million people. In the first half of the year, about 1 million citizens received a temporary travel ban. This was announced by the head of the FSSP Artur Parfenchikov. The practice of banning travel for citizens with an outstanding debt has been in effect since 2005, and the limit of 10 thousand rubles was set in 2013.

The innovation of the Ministry of Justice is relevant due to the fact that the FSSP abandoned the idea of ​​​​creating a unified register of debtors not allowed to travel abroad. This, according to a source close to the Central Bank, was discussed at a closed meeting of representatives of the FSSP with banks. The National Financial Market Council proposed creating a unified register of FSSP debtors who cannot travel abroad. And even taking into account the fact that the debtor in enforcement proceedings initiated in Moscow will not be able to fly from Vladivostok or any other city of the Russian Federation (data on citizens restricted to travel abroad is transferred to the border service under the FSB), citizens could fly from Belarus or Kazakhstan.

The FSSP abandoned this initiative, since the database would contain personal data of third parties, a source close to the Central Bank explained to Izvestia.

The FSSP press service confirmed that the service was studying the possibility of creating a register of debtors not allowed to travel abroad.

It should be noted that a temporary restriction on the debtor’s departure from Russia, according to current legislation, is an executive action aimed at forcing the debtor to fully, correctly and timely fulfill the requirements contained in the executive document, as indicated by official representatives of the FSSP. - Information about completed enforcement actions and enforcement measures is not publicly available (data bank of enforcement proceedings maintained by the FSSP).

In addition, according to representatives of the FSSP press service, for the unambiguous identification of Russians when crossing the state border of the Russian Federation, decisions on temporary restrictions on the debtor’s departure contain personal data about the parties to the enforcement proceedings. And this is confidential information under current legislation.

The head of the department for working with problem debts of the B&N Bank group, Sergei Golets, notes that, as a rule, wealthy debtors who deliberately did not want to repay their obligations flew through Belarus and Kazakhstan.

At the same time, it is important that there is an opportunity to find out about the existence of a travel ban in advance, before crossing the border,” explained a representative of B&N Bank. - At the moment, it is only possible to obtain information about the ban on crossing the border in the opposite direction (entering the territory of the Russian Federation).

Sergei Golets believes that the FSSP would be appropriate to provide for the possibility of repaying the debt directly at the border crossing point, so that a citizen who is denied leave can still cross the border and catch his plane without giving up his trip or vacation.

This could increase debt collection, suggested a representative of B&N Bank.

And according to Maria Ponomareva, senior lawyer at the A2 law office, the mechanism of restrictions on travel outside the Russian Federation in connection with the formation of debt obligations in the amount of 10 thousand rubles is not at all effective and, by and large, does not meet anyone’s interests .

As practice shows, such bans do not contribute to the reduction of either overdue portfolios in the banking sector or the growth of discipline among taxpayers, while they significantly increase the burden on the courts and the FSSP, says Maria Ponomareva. - It is irrational to impose restrictions on a debt of 10 thousand rubles or more in the event, for example, that one loan payment is late: a ban on traveling outside the country will not affect the discipline of a particular citizen, but will add more work to both the bailiffs and the court.