Peter and Paul Cathedral - architectural. Peter and Paul Cathedral What's on the spire of the Peter and Paul Fortress

Russian emperors, empresses and numerous relatives of the Romanov dynasty are buried here.

It was once the tallest building in Russia. Initially, the height of the structure was 112 meters, which is 32 meters higher than the bell tower of Ivan the Great. Then the bell tower became higher by another 10.5 meters.

Until 2012, the cathedral, with a height of 122.5 m, was the tallest building in St. Petersburg. Since 2013, it has been the third tallest building in the city, after the 140-meter skyscraper Leader Tower and the Prince Alexander Nevsky residential complex, which is 124 meters high.

At the very top there is a figure of an angel holding a cross in his hands. The height of the figure is 3.2 meters, the wingspan is 3.8.

Construction of the temple began on June 29, 1703, the day of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, on the territory of the newly founded Peter and Paul Fortress. The consecration of the first wooden Peter and Paul Church took place on April 1, 1704. On May 14, a festive service was held here in honor of the victory of Field Marshal B.P. Sheremetev over Swedish ships on Lake Peipus.

On May 30, 1712, the stone foundation of the Peter and Paul Cathedral was laid. It was built in such a way that the wooden temple remained inside the new building. The work was supervised by the Italian architect Domenico Trezzini. The Dutch master Harman van Bolos participated in the installation of the spire. By order of Peter I, construction began with the bell tower. Due to a shortage of workers, the flight of peasants and a lack of working materials, it was completed only in 1720.

However, the bell tower spire was covered with sheets of gilded copper only some time later. The entire cathedral was completed only in 1733 after the death of Peter I.

There is an old legend that a beam of very powerful cosmic energy comes from above onto the cathedral spire. To receive this energy, you need to stand facing east on a copper patch built into the floor in the vestibule of the temple. It is located exactly under the spire.

In 1919, the Peter and Paul Cathedral was closed, and in 1924 it was turned into a museum; most of the valuable objects of the late 17th - early 18th centuries (silver utensils, books, vestments, icons) were given to other museums.

During the Great Patriotic War, the Peter and Paul Cathedral was badly damaged. The facades were restored in 1952, and the interiors in 1956-1957. In 1954, the building was transferred to the City History Museum.

It was only in 2008 that the first Easter service since 1917 was held in the cathedral.

In its plan and appearance, the Peter and Paul Cathedral is completely different from Orthodox cross-domed or hipped churches. The temple is a rectangular “hall” type building stretched from west to east, characteristic of Western European architecture. The length of the building is 61 meters, width is 27.5 meters

The interior of the temple is divided by pylons into three naves with powerful columns painted to resemble marble, and resembles a state hall. Marble, jasper, and rhodonite were used in its design. The floor of the cathedral is paved with limestone slabs.

To the left of the entrance there is the tomb of Grand Duchess Alexandra Georgievna. She died young in an accident. When I was 8 months pregnant, I jumped into a boat and missed. And then premature birth, the son was saved, but she was not...

Alexandra Georgievna’s tombstone does not stand out from the sad row of tombstones of other members of the imperial family, and at the same time it is unique. Her tomb is empty.

In 1939, at the request of the Greek government, the ashes of Grand Duchess Alexandra Georgievna were transferred to Athens. According to legend, the negotiations were short-lived; Stalin agreed to give the ashes of the Grand Duchess to the Greeks in exchange for a bulldozer.

The Royal Doors in the Peter and Paul Cathedral.

The gilded carved iconostasis, almost 20 meters high, was made in 1722-1726 in Moscow. The original drawing of the iconostasis belongs to Domenico Trezzini. The production of the iconostasis was carried out under the direction of the architect Ivan Zarudny, and carvers Trofim Ivanov and Ivan Telega.

For a long time, the Peter and Paul Cathedral was a monument to the glory of Russian weapons. Captured banners and keys to cities and fortresses captured by Russian troops were kept here for two centuries. At the beginning of the 20th century, these relics were transferred to the Hermitage. Now the cathedral displays copies of Swedish and Turkish banners.

Peter-Pavel's Fortress . Baroque

Cathedral of St. Apostles Peter and Paul - Peter and Paul Cathedral

Pam. arch. (federal)

1712-1733 - architect. Trezzini Domenico

see Peter and Paul Fortress ( continuation)

The height of the cathedral is 122.5 m; the spire is 40 m. The cathedral is consecrated, services are performed according to a special schedule, and the rest of the time it functions as a museum.

Wooden Church of St. Apostles Peter and Paul was founded on June 29 (July 12), 1703, Peter's Day, in the center of Hare Island. The temple with a bell tower in the form of a pointed tower in the “Dutch style” was consecrated on April 1, 1704. In 1709-1710. The church became cruciform in the “three spitz” plan and was expanded.

The construction of the new stone cathedral began on June 8, 1712 according to the design of D. Trezzini. In 1719, under the leadership of the Dutchman H. van Boleos, the assembly of the wooden structures of the bell tower spire was completed. In 1724, the spire and small dome of the bell tower were covered with copper sheets gilded through fire by the Riga master F. Tsifers. According to Trezzini's drawing, a copper cross with the figure of a flying angel was made and installed above the apple of the spire. The height of the bell tower became 106 m.

This is a three-nave temple. A bell tower was erected above the western span of the middle nave, and an octagonal drum above the eastern one. The design of the facades uses the idea of ​​a smooth transition from the first tier to the second through the introduction of lateral volutes. A copper plaque by artists A. Matveev and A. Zakharov with the image of the apostles Peter and Paul was placed in the attic. Wooden sculptures were installed above the attic, completed with a beamed pediment. The oval window in the lower part of the eastern facade is decorated with a stucco image of cherubs in the clouds. Facades of the cathedral in the 1730s. were painted pink.

Wooden Church of St. App.
Peter and Paul.
Rice. N. Chelnakova, 1770s.

Cathedral of St. App. Petra
and Pavel. 1841
Lithogr. A. Duran.

The rise of P. Telushkin
on the bell tower spire.
From the engraving beginning. 1830s

Photo -
S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky,
beginning XX century

View of Petropavlovsky
cathedral until reconstruction in 1858
Added - .

Plan of the cathedral.

New bell for the cathedral
St. Apostles Peter and Paul.
1905

Raising the bell
to the bell tower
Petropavlovsky
cathedral, 1905.

Removal
camouflage
cover from the dome.
1944
Added - .

In 1756, a fire destroyed the wooden spire and roof, the clock and bells were destroyed, and the western portico was destroyed. In 1757, over the altar, according to a drawing by V.V. Fermar, master builder A. Antonietti erected a brick dome topped with an onion dome. The facades were painted grayish-green. Since 1762, the bell tower has been restored by the Office of the Construction of the Alexander Nevsky Monastery. By order of Catherine II - in the same forms. The laying of the stone tiers was completed in 1770. According to the design of the Danish master B. P. Bauer, a new wooden spire, lined with gilded copper sheets, was erected in 1773. The chimes, made by watchmaker B. F. Oort Crass in Holland in 1757-1760, were installed in 1776 by watchmaker I. E. Roediger.

In 1777, the spire was damaged by a storm. The correction was carried out according to the drawings of the architect. P. Yu. Paton. The new figure of an angel with a cross, based on a drawing by A. Rinaldi, was made by master K. Forshman.

In 1778, under the leadership of academician Leonhard Euler, work was carried out to equip the spire with a lightning rod.

In 1779, in the western part of the cathedral, the chapel of St. Catherine. The ceiling of the chapel was painted in 1830 by I. E. and F. A. Pavlov.

At the beginning of the 19th century. century, renovation work was carried out in the cathedral with the participation of architect. L. Rusca, D. Visconti, A. I. Melnikov, I. I. Charlemagne, artists V. K. Shebuev and D. I. Antonelli.

In 1829, a storm again damaged the angel figure on the spire. Roofer Peter Telushkin carried out repairs without erecting scaffolding. The repairs carried out in October-November 1830 went down in the history of domestic technology as an example of Russian ingenuity and courage.

In 1856-1858 According to the design of engineer D.I. Zhuravsky, instead of a wooden one, a metal spire was built. Inside the spire, a spiral iron staircase leads to a hatch in the casing, located at a height of 100 m above the apple, a six-meter cross with an angel (sculptor R. K. Zaleman?) The weather vane angel rotates around a rod installed in the plane of the figure itself. The volumetric parts of the angel are made by electroplating, the remaining parts are stamped from forged copper. Gilding was carried out under the leadership of the chemist G. Struve by the Korotkovs’ artel of merchants. Angel height - 3.2 m, wingspan - 3.8 m

At the same time, the chimes were overhauled. The work was carried out by the Butenop brothers. Since 1859, the chimes played music by composer D. Bortnyansky every fifteen minutes, and at noon and midnight - the anthem “God Save the Tsar,” written by A. F. Lvov.

In 1911, the facades were repainted sandy.

The silhouette of the elongated bell tower after the reconstruction became very impressive; it is difficult to believe that the changes were made by one engineer without architectural and artistic education and experience.

After the revolution, services were stopped, and in 1919 public access to the cathedral was prohibited. In 1927, the cathedral building was transferred to the Museum of the Revolution. Since 1954 it belongs to the Museum of the History of Leningrad. In 1955-1957 Scientific restoration was carried out according to the project of I. N. Benois. In 1987-1995 artists L.N. Sokolov and Yu.I. Trushin carried out the restoration of paintings and icons. In 1991-1995, restoration of the angel and cross was carried out. In 1996-1998 The Catherine's chapel was restored according to the project of architect. A. E. Gunich and S. S. Nalivkina. The family of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II is buried there.

In 1999-2001, the figure of the angel was restored again.

(based on materials , , )

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated February 20, 1995 No. 176 “On establishing a list of objects of historical and cultural heritage of Federal (All-Russian) significance:Historical and cultural reserve "Peter and Paul Fortress -State Museum of the History of St. Petersburg"

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 10.07. 2001 No. 527: Peter and Paul Fortress: o. Zayachiy, Peter and Paul Fortress

), but there was always one place that seemed inaccessible - the spire of the Peter and Paul Cathedral.

1. View towards Vasilyevsky Island

As you understand, we finally climbed the Petropavlovka, I want to tell you how we managed to do it.

Walking through the fortress with Olya and tankizt "oh, we decided to go to the museum of the Peter and Paul Cathedral, but we were refused, they said that the museum was closed, they offered to come another time. Then it was decided to look for other methods of entering the Peter and Paul Cathedral tower. What would happen inside, we did not know what the road to the spire would be like Same.

Quite simply and imperceptibly, Olya and I first found ourselves on the roof of the cathedral, and then went through an open window in the tower. Then there was a series of spiral and not so spiral staircases, several doors that, to our surprise, were open! We passed by a bunch of bells, a clock mechanism and other interesting things in the hope that the final door to the inside of the spire would not be closed. We were lucky and got to the last spiral staircase, which was already part of the spire. First thoughts - now there will be a hatch, we’ll climb out of it, and then along the external stairs to the Angel! But our hopes were dashed when we heard voices just above us.

There was little time, and there was only one lens - 10-20mm, so I was able to shoot little, which I regret - there are beautiful views from there that can be photographed for a long time on a telephoto camera.

2. Frame down

After the spire, we went down with everyone and filmed everything that happened on the way down. Below is a historical background.

3. Towards the Trinity Bridge

May 16, 1703 On the island of Lust-Eland (Yenisaari, Zayachiy) in the Neva delta, the fortress of St. Peter was founded - St. Peter-Burkh.
It was intended to protect lands conquered during the Northern War with Sweden. The fortress was built according to a plan drawn up with the participation of Peter himself. According to the rules of fortification art, bastions were erected at its corners. Kronverk became defense from land. By the end of 1703 The earthen walls of the fortress were erected, and in the spring they were made of stone. They received their names from the names of the dignitaries who oversaw the construction. During the reign of Catherine, 2 walls facing the Neva were lined with granite.

4.

In 1712 on the site of the wooden church of the Apostles Peter and Paul, Trezzini founded a stone cathedral in the name of the first supreme apostles Peter and Paul (Petropavlovsky), which became the tomb of the Russian Emperors. All the emperors and empresses from Peter I to Alexander III inclusive were buried in the tomb, with the exception of Peter II, who died in Moscow in 1730, and Ivan VI, who was killed in Shlisselburg in 1764.

5. Golovkin Bastion and across the river the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering Troops and Signal Corps.

In the entire history of the fortress, not a single combat shot was fired from its bastions (although this statement is controversial... during the Great Patriotic War, anti-aircraft guns, machine guns and searchlights were placed on the territory of the fortress and they repelled enemy air raids). But the fortress was always ready to repel enemies.

On the territory of the fortress in the Trubetskoy Bastion, the main political prison of Tsarist Russia was located, it functioned from 1872 to 1921. Also in Petropavlovka there is one of the oldest industrial productions in the city - the Mint.

6.

If we talk about the cathedral itself in modern times:

The height of the cathedral is 122.5 m, the spire is 40 m, the hatch from which we filmed is located at a height of just over a hundred meters. The cathedral was consecrated on June 28, 1733, services are held according to a special schedule (since the 1990s, memorial services for Russian emperors have been regularly held in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, since 2000 - divine services, since Christmas 2008 services have been held regularly), the rest of the time it functions as a museum.

7. We start to go down

The spire was damaged several times by storms, the first time in 1777, the second in 1829

For the first time, the correction was carried out according to the drawings of the architect. P. Yu. Paton. The new figure of an angel with a cross, based on a drawing by A. Rinaldi, was made by master K. Forshman.

The second time, roofer Peter Telushkin carried out repairs without erecting scaffolding. The repairs carried out in October-November 1830 went down in the history of domestic technology as an example of Russian ingenuity and courage.

8.

In 1856-1858 According to the design of engineer D.I. Zhuravsky, instead of a wooden one, a metal spire was built. Inside the spire, a spiral iron staircase leads to a hatch in the casing, located at a height of 100 m above the apple; a six-meter cross with an angel (sculptor R. K. Zaleman) The weather vane angel rotates around a rod installed in the plane of the figure itself. The volumetric parts of the angel are made by electroplating, the remaining parts are stamped from forged copper. Gilding was carried out under the leadership of the chemist G. Struve by the Korotkovs’ artel of merchants. The height of the angel is 3.2 m, the wingspan is 3.8 m.

9. Behind the windows there is a dial with arrows

10. Clockwork

At a height of 16 m, the clock mechanism shaft begins, going up 30 m. Until the 20th century, weights were raised and lowered inside the shaft, ensuring the clock was wound.

The clock-chime for the cathedral was made by the Dutch master B. Oort Crass in 1760. With the help of bells, the clock played various melodies.

Now in the bell tower of the Peter and Paul Cathedral there is a unique set of bells in terms of quantity and variety; authentic Dutch bells of the 19th-20th centuries, modern Flemish bells. In total, there are about 130 bells in the bell tower.

11.

12. The clock is a chime. It plays 2 melodies, every hour (How glorious is our Lord in Zion) and a melody (God Save the Tsar) at 6 and 12 o'clock. The drum in the photo sets the melody.

During the Great Patriotic War, the spire of the Peter and Paul Cathedral was painted over with gray paint. The camouflage of the spire deprived the fascist artillery of a reference point for conducting aimed fire at the most strategically important objects.

According to the memoirs of M.M. Bobrov, a participant in camouflage work in the winter of 1941-1942, the museum has a “Corner of Besieged Leningrad”, which shows the conditions in which climbers lived in the cathedral under the stairs to the bell tower.

14. Let's go even lower

17. I don’t know where the museum begins and ends, but these and the following photographs were probably taken on its territory.

18. Tower design

19. On the left is how the ascent to the angel was implemented in 1830

20. When we went down to the first floor, we were met by a policewoman who told us at the very beginning that the museum was closed. This time she said smiling, “Well, are you done yet?”, we answered, “That’s it!” and went out to meet the upset Tankman (on the left in the photo). Upset because he didn't climb with us. (But today I saw photos on VKontakte that he also climbed the other day, for which I congratulate him.)

That's all. The last photo is for those who don’t know what the Peter and Paul Cathedral looks like from the outside.

21.

Thank you for your attention.

Peter and Paul Cathedral (official name - Cathedral in the name of the supreme apostles Peter and Paul) is an Orthodox cathedral in St. Petersburg in the Peter and Paul Fortress, the tomb of Russian emperors, a monument of Peter the Great's Baroque architecture.

Fact

Before2012 The cathedral, with a height of 122.5 m, was the tallest building in St. Petersburg. WITH 2013 it is the third tallest building in the city, after the 145.5-meter skyscraper Leader Tower and residential complex " Prince Alexander Nevsky ", whose height is 124 meters.

Construction of the temple began in 1703 on the day of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul on the territory of the fortress.

Fact

The cathedral is the oldest church in St. Petersburg. The consecration of the first wooden Peter and Paul Church took place on April 1, 1704.

In the summer of 1712, a new stone Peter and Paul Cathedral was laid, which was erected in such a way that the wooden building of the temple remained inside the new building.By order of Peter, construction was carried out from the bell tower.At the same time, the craftsmen of the Votkinsk plant installed the spire of the Peter and Paul Cathedral on the bell tower, with the participation of a Dutch masterHarman van Bolos. The creation of the spire of the Peter and Paul Cathedral began in the winter months of 1717, when the preparation of rafters began. According to the design of Harman van Bolos, the spire was 25 meters long. In September 1718, an apple was lifted onto the spire.

Fact

While still unfinished, the cathedral already served as a tomb for the royal family (Tsarevich Alexei's wife Sophia was buried in 1715, Peter 1's sister Maria Alekseevna was buried in 1717, and Tsarevich Alexei was buried in 1718)

The temple was completed only in 1720 (in August 1720, the clock sounded in the bell tower). However, the spire was covered with sheets of gilded copper a little later in 1724.

Fact.

The height of the structure was 112 meters, which is 32 meters higher than the bell tower of Ivan the Great.

In 1722, the cathedral's architect, Domenico Trezzini, proposed installing an angel at the top of the bell tower. He made a drawing from which the figure was made. But the work was considered to be of poor quality, so the angel was remade by Steinbes and Eberhard. That angel was made in the shape of a weather vane.

The cathedral stood in this form until 1756. On the night of April 29-30, the spire was struck by lightning and caught fire and fell onto the roof of the cathedral.

Fact

The bell tower was completely lost, the roof was damaged, the portico at the entrance was broken, and the chimes bells melted. We managed to save the iconostasis. Golitsin's soldiers carried him out of the building piece by piece.

The bell tower took more than 18 years to restore. It was decided to build it from stone, so piles began to be driven into the base of the bell tower. At the same time, the height of the structure increased to 117 meters.

Fact

After a lightning strike and fire in 1756, the bell tower spire was equipped with a lightning rod, which was installed by the world-famous physicist Leonhard Euler.

However, no one dared to repair the damaged figure of the angel (under the influence of a strong wind, the wing of the angel was torn off, and it almost fell on General A. Sukin). Correcting the damage required the construction of scaffolding around the bell tower, andit was expensive and very dangerous. In 1830, a daredevil was found - Pyotr Telushkin (a young roofer from the Yaroslavl province). He estimated the cost of all the necessary materials at 1,500 rubles, and he left the amount of the reward for the work up to the conscience of the customer.

He climbed to the top of the spire every day for 6 weeks using a rope ladder and without scaffolding. The bell tower also had a clock with chimes that told the time every 15 minutes.

He was awarded 3,000 rubles for his work and the medal “For Diligence” on the Anninskaya Ribbon.

According to legend, Pyotr Telushkin was given 5 thousand rubles for this and was allowed a glass of vodka in any drinking establishment in the capital. At first he used the letter, and then he was branded on the right side of his chin. He would go into a tavern and, with a well-known gesture, point out his differences.

In 1858, all the wooden structures of the spire were replaced with metal ones according to the design of the craftsmen of the Votkinsk plant. The main developer of the project wasD.I. Zhuravsky, who proposed the shape of an octagonal truncated pyramid connected by rings. The height of the spire was 47 meters, weight 56 ​​tons. They replaced the figure of an angel, which is on the cross to this day (the figure is 3 meters high, 8 kg of gold was required to gild it). The total height of the structure with the cross and angel is 122.5 meters.

Fact

During World War II, the spire was covered with camouflage paint and mesh.

The spire is held in place by bolts and screws and hardly moves during a storm or bombing. The design is designed for vibrations in the horizontal plane up to 90 centimeters.

Fact

Due to the rotation of the Earth, it swings constantly, but during all this time the spire has shifted to the side by only 3 centimeters

During the replacement of the spire structure, the chimes are also reconstructed (a minute hand has been added, they have been reconfigured to play two melodies, “How Glorious is Our Lord” and “God Save the Tsar”)

Fact

In 1993, the Peter and Paul Fortress was awarded the status of a state reserve. Now any construction work or redevelopment is prohibited on its territory.

Peter and Paul Cathedral is an Orthodox cathedral in St. Petersburg in the Peter and Paul Fortress, the tomb of Russian emperors and a monument of Peter the Great's Baroque architecture.

Peter and Paul Cathedral erected in 1712-1733 by the architect Domenico Trezzini on the site of the wooden church of the same name.

The three-tier bell tower of the Peter and Paul Cathedral, 122.5 meters high, topped with a gilded spire with the figure of a flying angel, is the high-rise dominant and symbol of the city. The bell tower spire was erected by the Dutch master G. van Boles. The hall-type building is internally divided by pylons into three naves and decorated with loose pilasters along the walls. The interior contains copies of captured banners (the originals are in the Hermitage).

The gilded carved iconostasis was made in 1722-1726 in Moscow

The stucco decoration was done by I. Rossi and A. Quadri, paintings by G. Gzel, V. Yaroshevsky, M. A. Zakharov and others

In 1756-1757, the Peter and Paul Cathedral was restored after a fire; In 1776, the chimes of the master B. Oort Kras from Holland were installed on the bell tower. In 1773, the chapel of St. Catherine was consecrated. The damaged figure of the angel was repaired in 1829 by Pyotr Telushkin, who climbed up without scaffolding.

In 1857-1858, the wooden spire structures were replaced with metal ones. The main task was to replace wooden rafters with metal ones in the cathedral's bell tower. Architect Zhuravsky proposed to build a structure in the form of an octagonal truncated regular pyramid connected by rings; He also developed a method for calculating the structure.

In 1864-1866, the old Royal Doors were replaced with new ones made of bronze (architect A. I. Krakau); in 1875-1877 D. Boldini painted new lampshades; in 1905 new bells were hung.

In 1919 Peter and Paul Cathedral closed, and in 1924 turned into a museum; Most of the valuable objects from the late 17th - early 18th centuries were given to other museums.

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, the Peter and Paul Cathedral was damaged; the facades were restored in 1952, and the interiors were restored in 1956-1957. In 1954, the building was transferred to the City History Museum. Since the 1990s, memorial services for Russian emperors have been regularly held in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, services have been held since 2000, and services have been held regularly since Christmas 2008. In 2008, the first Easter service since 1917 was held in the cathedral. Currently, the rector of the temple is Abbot Alexander, who is also the representative of the St. Petersburg diocese on architectural and artistic issues.

At the bell tower Cathedral of Peter and Paul carillon installed. Carillon music concerts are held periodically in the Peter and Paul Fortress.

During the time of Peter I, the burial place of persons belonging to the royal family was not finally determined. The royal relatives were buried in the Annunciation tomb. In the unfinished Peter and Paul Cathedral in 1715, the two-year-old daughter of Peter I and Catherine Natalya was buried, and under the bell tower - the wife of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich, Princess Charlotte Christina Sophia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. There, in 1718, the remains of the prince himself were interred. In 1716, Marfa Matveevna, the widow of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, was buried at the entrance to the cathedral.

After the death of Peter I, the coffin with his body was placed in a temporary chapel inside the cathedral under construction. The burial took place only on May 29, 1731. Subsequently, all the emperors and empresses up to and including Alexander III were buried in the tomb, with the exception of Peter II, who died in Moscow in 1730, and Ivan VI, who was killed in Shlisselburg in 1764. In total, the tomb contained 41 burials, including a number of grand dukes and princesses - children and grandchildren of emperors. In 1865, all tombstones were replaced with the same type of white marble sarcophagi with bronze gilded crosses. Imperial sarcophagi are decorated with double-headed eagles. Two sarcophagi were made at the Peterhof lapidary factory in 1887-1906: Alexander II (from green jasper) and his wife Maria Alexandrovna (from pink eagle).

On June 17, 1998, in the Catherine's chapel, in the southwestern part of the cathedral, the remains were interred, according to the conclusion of the State Commission belonging to Emperor Nicholas II, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Tsarevich Alexei, Grand Duchesses Tatiana, Maria, Olga and Anastasia, killed in Yekaterinburg in 1918 year. These remains were not recognized by the Russian Orthodox Church. Buried with them were physician E. S. Botkin, footman A. E. Trupp, cook I. M. Kharitonov, and maid A. S. Demidova.