Vietnamese language. Russian Vietnamese dictionary online What is the language in Vietnam for tourists

The pronunciation of Vietnamese words and phrases in this mini phrasebook is given approximately. It is not recommended to actively use these words and phrases, since if the intonation is incorrect, the meaning of what is said can be greatly distorted. This is due to the fact that Vietnamese is a tonal language and it would seem that the same word, but said differently, means completely different things and concepts.
The sound “g” at the end of a word is not pronounced clearly. If two “a” sounds are written, then this simply means an extended “a”. The sound “x” after “t” is pronounced weakly.

At the top of the image, the inscription in large letters in Vietnamese means “Dong Xuan Market” (Cho -market). At the bottom is “Hanoi Station”. The word "ga" (station) comes from the French "gare".

Airport, arrival, control

Airplane - May Bai
Passport - whoa
Customs - hi kuaan
Immigration control - nyap kang
Visa - thii tuk.
Washing - zhatdo (GIẶT ĐỒ)

In a hotel

Hotel - Khaak Shan
I would like to book - laam en cho doy dat chyok moot
Can I have a look? - goy do te sam phom dyok khon?
From... to... (meaning stay from such and such a date to such and such) - du... den...
Number - with
How much does a room cost? Zya mot fom laa bou nieu?
Date - ngai taang
We are moving out tomorrow - ngai mai chung doi zeri dai
Credit card - tae ding zun
Air conditioning - may lan

At the restaurant

Restaurant - nya han[g]
I would like to - sin cho doi
Beef - thiit bo
pork - thiit kheyo
Chicken - thiit ga
Fish - kaa
Nuts - dau fong
Spoon - kai thia
Knife - gon zao
Fork - kai nyia

Numbers

Tourists often have to deal with numbers.
One is a spendthrift
Two - high
Three - ba
Four - bon
Five for us
Six - shaw
Seven - bye
Eight is there
Nine - ting
Ten - myoi
Then it’s simple: 11 - ten and one = my mot, twelve = my high, etc. Only 15 will not be for us, but for our lamas.
Twenty - hai myoi (that is, two ten), 21 - hai myoi mot (two ten one).
One hundred is mot cham, that is, one hundred. 101 - mot cham lin mot, that is, one hundred, then something like zero, then one. 123 - mot cham hai myoi ba (one hundred,
two tens, three).
A thousand is ngin, a million is chieu.
Percentage - fan cham. 100% - mot cham fan cham.

Pronouns

I am the one, my one is the one
You are a kau anh or a kau ti, depending on whether you are a man or a woman
addressed (an - man, ti - woman) your - ku:a kau, a
also kua:an, kua:ti
You - an, your - ku:a an
He is an_ey, om_ey, ku:a
She, her - ti_ey, ba_ey, ku:a, ti_ey,
ku:a ba_ey
We, ours - tyun[g]_ta, tyun[g]_toy,
ku:a tyun[g]_ta, ku:a tyun[g]_toy
You, your - how_an (how_ti, how om, how ba), ku:a how_an (ku:a how_ti,
ku:a like om, ku:a like ba)
They, their - ho ku:a ho
Who, whose - ah, ku:a ah
What - zi, kai zi
This, that, this, these are the most
That, that, that, those - cue

Greetings

Hello - xin tiao (the sound “t” is pronounced as the middle between “ch” and “t”). This greeting is the most universal and most commonly used.
Its varieties:

When addressing a man under 40-45 years old - Tiao an!
when addressing a woman under 40-45 years old - Tiao ti!
when addressing an elderly man/elderly woman - Tiao om!/Tiao ba!
… sir/madam - Tiao om!/Tiao ba!
... friend - Tiao ban!
... when addressing someone younger in age - Tiao em!
... when addressing a child - Tiao chau!
When addressing a group of people, the word is added How , denoting plural.
... when addressing men - Tiao kak_an/kak_om! (depending on age)
... when addressing women - Tiao kak_ti/kak_ba! (depending on age)
... when addressing men and women, if representatives of both are present
gender - Tiao kak_an, kak_ti (kak_om, kak_ba)!
... friends (gentlemen, master and madam, comrades) - Tiao kak_ban (kak_om, om_ba, kak_dom_ti)!
Goodbye - There _beats anh! (instead of an it is said ti, om, ba, etc., depending on who you are saying goodbye to). But this is what they say on special occasions. More common is simply "Tiao".

In the city

Please tell me - Lam_yn te_bet...
What's the address here? Diea chii laa zi?
Where is the bank - ngan_khan[g] o:dau?
The key word here is where - o:dow?
For example: “Where is the station?” - nya_ha o:dow? and so on …
Store - kya_khan[g]
Bus stop - cham se_buit
Hair salon - hieu kat_tauk
Toilet - nya ve sin
Taxi rank - ben taxi_si

Help me, please - lam_yn (please) zup (help) that (I, me)
Write to me, please - lam_yn (please) viet ho (write) toy (I, me)
Please repeat again - sin nyak_lai mot lan nya
Explain to me, please - lam_yn za_tyt aunty
Let me ask you - te_fep toy hoy
What is it called in Vietnamese? - kai_nai tyen[g] viet goi te_nao?
One hundred grams - mot_cham (one hundred) gam (gram)

Thank you - kam_yn.
Thank you very much - zhet kam_yn an (instead of an they say ti, om, ba, etc., depending on who you thank).

Communication

Sorry - sin_loy

Hong can. Pronounced “(k)hom kan” - don’t need, don’t need (categorical form).

Shopping, shopping - muah ban

I (toy) want (muon) to try on (mak_tkhy)…
dress (ao_wai) this is (nai)
kuan (pants) nai (these)
skirt (wai) nay (this)

What is the price? - Zao bao nieu?
Very expensive - dat kua
Couldn't it be cheaper? - ko zhe hyun khom?

Electronic phrasebooks

With the development of compact electronic devices, voice electronic translation programs, briefly called electronic phrasebooks, began to be “embedded” into them. The same term applies to the devices themselves, whose sole function is electronic interpretation.
Electronic transfer is also carried out by other devices, for example, smartphones or tablet computers, if they have the appropriate hardware and software functionality.

Electronic phrase books can also be used as mini-teacher books for a foreign language.

Some models of electronic phrasebooks contain programs and dictionary databases for translating several dozen languages ​​in various directions. They are especially attractive for those who travel a lot and frequently to different countries. Their cost is in the range of $150-200.

Today we want to share some really useful phrases in Vietnamese. This will be very useful when you arrive in Vietnam, for example, when you go to a market or a store. Vietnamese mostly do not know English; they would rather know a few words in Russian. However, if you show respect for their culture and country by knowing certain phrases, it will help you lower the price and win them over.

The Vietnamese language is very difficult to understand by ear, since it contains many vowels and each of them can contain 6 tones. You have to have an almost musical ear to catch all these subtleties. For the Vietnamese, the Russian language is extremely difficult because it contains many hard, hissing and voiced consonants. But we won’t bother you again and present you with some really useful phrases:

"Hello" - Xing Tiao
“Goodbye” - it beats
"Yes Yes
"No" - hong
“Thank you” - KAM ON
“Thank you very much” - KAM ON NIE"U
"What is the price?" - bao NIE"U
"Ice" - yes
"Bread" - banh mi
"Iced tea" - cha da
“Iced coffee with condensed milk” - cafe here
"Score" - Tinh Tien
Addressing a waiter or someone - uh oh
"Rice" - com
"Fish" - ka
"Chicken" - ha
"Beef" - Bo Nol Hong
"One" -Mot
"Two" - Hai
"Three" - Ba
"Four" - Bon
"Five" - ​​Us
"Six" - Sau
"Seven" - Bai
"Eight" - There
"Nine" - Tien
"Ten" - Muoi

It is this language that is spoken by the overwhelming majority of the population, although experts estimate that there are about 130 languages ​​spoken in the territory of this state. Vietnamese serves as a means of communication at the highest levels and for conversations among ordinary people, in addition, it is the language of education and business.
Besides Vietnam, this language is considered one of the main ones in, and is also found in the USA, Australia, and other European countries. If we talk about the total number of all speakers of Vietnamese, there are already more than 75 million people around the world.

Features of the Vietnamese language

If we talk about classification, then Vietnamese belongs to the Austroasiatic family and the Vietnamese group. Judging by its origin, it is very close to the Muong language, and then simply separated from it. Initially, the Vietnamese language was classified as a group of Thai languages, but after numerous studies it “returned” to the Vietnamese group.
Like any other language, Vietnamese has many dialects, of which there are 3 main ones, which, in turn, also have their own dialects and dialects. In the center the northern dialect is common, in the city - central, but in the surrounding areas - southern. Dialects belonging to the central ones are more archaic. All dialects differ from each other in phonetics and vocabulary.

Vietnamese language and its grammatical features

The language has about 2,500 syllables, but depending on the different dialects, this number may vary. Vietnamese belongs to the group of isolating languages, being also a syllabic and tonal language. In almost all languages ​​of the Vietnamese group, complex words are reduced to monosyllabic ones, but this often only applies to historical words; now there is a tendency towards the reverse process.
There are no inflections in the Vietnamese language, just as there are no analytical forms. This means that all grammatical relationships are built thanks to function words, and not by inflection (adding suffixes, prefixes and affixes). Parts of speech related to nominatives include adjectives, verbs, and predicates. Related terms are used instead of personal pronouns. The language has prepositions, but no postpositions.

Words in the Vietnamese language are formed by adding affixes, moreover, of Chinese origin, root formation and reduplication (doubling a word, syllable or the entire stem). A feature of word formation can also be called the fact that all those components with the help of which words are formed are monosyllabic, i.e. monosyllabic. By the way, one syllable can have several meanings, and the meanings change when the intonation of their pronunciation changes.
Vietnamese sentences have a fixed word order that fits the “subject – predicate – object” scheme. The word being defined precedes the word being defined, and all classifiers stand between the numeral noun.
Most of the words in the Vietnamese language are borrowed from and, and they belong to different time periods. The language also contains a lot of native Austroasiatic vocabulary. People's names in Vietnam consist of 3 words: father's/mother's surname, nickname and given name. You can’t call Viets by their last name, like ours, but by their first name – as many as you like. If we talk about the peculiarities of Vietnamese names, then previously the middle name indicated the gender of the child; for girls there was only one word, but for boys there were several dozen. Then this tradition disappeared.

Why is Vietnamese so popular now?

Since this language is spoken in many European and Asian countries, it is not surprising that more and more people want to learn it every year. Some people learn it simply “for themselves,” while others need it to do business and open branches in this state.

Many goods from this country are now comparable in price and quality, and their culture and traditions are so interesting that many are starting to think about learning the Vietnamese language. In Vietnam itself, in resort areas they speak English, and other popular languages.
Students of the Vietnamese language note that it is very similar to Chinese: the syllables in both carry meaning. Intonation plays a very important role: if you say it wrong, the conversation doesn’t work out. In general, this language is quite rare, since very few language schools exist in our country. Classes often begin only after groups have been recruited, and you have to wait. It is better to find an individual teacher, which will be faster and sometimes better. By the way, you should not forget that if you go to the country of the language you are learning and live there for a month or two, you will learn the language by itself.

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In my opinion, the Vietnamese language is very difficult. More complicated than ours. The Russian hearing aid is not used to perceiving speech that contains many different tones. People with good hearing, with a musical education, who are accustomed to distinguishing tones and semitones, successfully master the Vietnamese language. If you try to pronounce anything in Vietnamese and ignore the tone, you can get into trouble.
Vietnamese words do not change according to gender, person, number or case. The definition comes after the word being defined: rong wang "golden dragon."
The most common sentence model is subject + predicate + object. Example: toy muon an-chya "I want to have lunch."
Question words what, how, where and others can be at the end of a sentence. It would be more correct in Vietnamese: “where is the hotel?”, and not “where is the hotel?”.
The letters F, J, W and Z are used only to write foreign titles and names. Tones are indicated by diacritics above and below vowels. In total, modern Vietnamese writing uses 134 additional characters, not counting regular Latin letters. The combination ch is read [т]; tr [h]; nh [ny]; r, gi, d are pronounced as [z].

I can’t imagine how you can understand a language where it’s not easy to say hello:

Hello - xin tiao (the sound "t" is pronounced as the middle between "ch" and "t"). This greeting is the most universal and most commonly used.
Its varieties:
when addressing a man under 40-45 years old - Tiao an!
when addressing a woman under 40-45 years old - Tiao ti!
when addressing an elderly man/elderly woman - Tiao om!/Tiao ba!
... sir/madam - Tiao om!/Tiao ba!
... friend - Tiao ban!
... when addressing someone younger in age - Tiao em!
... when addressing a child - Tiao chau!
When addressing a group of people, the word is added How , denoting plural.
... when addressing men - Tiao kak_an/kak_om! (depending on age)
... when addressing women - Tiao kak_ti/kak_ba! (depending on age)
... when addressing men and women, if representatives of both sexes are present - Tiao kak_an, kak_ti (kak_om, kak_ba)!
... friends (gentlemen, master and madam, comrades) - Tiao kak_ban (kak_om, om_ba, kak_dom_ti)!

I once tried to say hello to the receptionist (xing tiao), and she looked at me strangely. Then I simply said “hello” to her in Russian - she smiled and chirped something. It was recently explained to me online that if I said it in the usual Russian way of saying hello (slightly upbeat and friendly), it most likely sounded to her like “give me some porridge.”

Therefore, it is better in sign language.

Another way out is all possible online/offline translators. Internet is fine in Vietnam, so this is the best option.

At worst, you can print out a tourist phrasebook and (no, there’s no point in even trying) show the Vietnamese the phrase written in the middle column:

Units

Iced tea - trà đá
tea with lotus - trà sen
dish with frogs - món ếch
ice cream with durian - kem sầu riêng
bread - bánh mỳ
remedies for sand fleas = thuốc ngừa rệp cát
Balm "Golden Star" = Dầu cao "Sao vàng"
scabies mite spray = thuốc xịt rận, rệp
sunscreen = kem chống nắng

dewormer = thuốc xổ giun

"Russian and Vietnamese are brothers forever" = "Người Nga và người Việt mãi mãi là anh em"

If you quickly say in Vietnamese one, two, three, yo! you get the Vietnamese short toast “mot hai ba yo”. Also in use is “yo, Vietnam” or simply and briefly “yo”.