Tanzania map in Russian. Capital of Tanzania, flag, history of the country. Where is Tanzania located on the world map. Map of Tanzania in Russian Tanzania is the capital and largest city

Etymology of the name

The word "Tanzania" is a combination of the names of two former colonies that became part of this country: Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Tanzania has two capitals: the administrative center is the historical capital of Dar es Salaam, and the legislative center is Dodoma, where the government moved the main bodies in the 1970s.

Story

Pre-colonial period

Since ancient times, the territory of what is now Tanzania was inhabited by peoples related to the Bushmen and Hottentots, who were engaged in hunting and gathering. Then in the 1st millennium BC. e. Cushitic tribes came from the Ethiopian highlands. By the beginning of the century e. the Bantu tribes came.

Around the middle of the 1st millennium AD. e. Persian and then Arab slave traders appeared on the coast of what is now Tanzania. It was then that the formation of a new Swahili ethnic community began. It was composed of local coastal tribes and newcomers from Iran, Arabia, and also from India.

The Swahili were engaged in international trade; slaves, ivory, and gold were exported from Africa, and handicrafts, textiles, and food products were imported.

The Germans wanted to turn German East Africa into their settler colony. They created plantations there and cultivated rubber, coffee, cotton, and sisal. Since 1902, railways began to be built to connect coastal ports with inland areas. By 1914, the number of German settlers reached 5.4 thousand.

After World War I, Tanzania came under British tutelage. The British continued to develop plantation farming, primarily sisal, but also cotton and coffee.

Independence period

Geography

Most of the country is occupied by vast plateaus. The coastal lowland stretches along the coast of the Indian Ocean.

The country's territory includes some of Africa's largest lakes: Lake Victoria in the north, Lake Tanganyika (often called Baikal's twin) in the west, and Lake Nyasa in the south of Tanzania.

The highest mountain in Africa, Kilimanjaro (5895 m), is located in Tanzania.

The total length of land borders is 3402 km, of which with Burundi - 451 km, with Kenya - 769 km, Malawi - 475 km, with Mozambique - 756 km, with Rwanda - 217 km, with Uganda - 396 km and with Zambia - 338 km .

Climate

Political parties (based on election results in December 2005):

• Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Revolutionary Party) - 206 seats in parliament;
• Civilian United Front - 19 seats;
• Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendelelo (democracy and development party) - 5 seats.

Armed forces

Foreign policy

Tanzania is the only East African country that is part of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). From 2005 to 2006, Tanzania was a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council.

Diplomatic relations between the USSR and Tanzania (then Tanganyika) were established on December 11, 1961.

Administrative division

Tanzania is divided into 30 regions (Swahili mkoa)

Population

As of 2014, the country's population is about 50 million people. The population is distributed rather unevenly. About 80% of the country's inhabitants live in rural areas. The largest city in Tanzania is Dar es Salaam, home to more than 4 million people. The country is home to about 120 different ethnic groups, the most numerous of which are: Sukuma, Nyamwezi, Jugga, Ngonde, Mkhaya, Hehe, Bena, Gogo and Makonde, Kuria, Chagga, Waha, Niaturu. Most of the ethnic groups belong to the Bantu group of peoples, some belong to the Nilotes and Khoisan peoples. A small proportion of Tanzania's population is of Indian, Arab, European, Chinese and other origins.

The share of persons under the age of 15 years is 44.3%; persons over the age of 65 years - 2.6%.

The average age is 17.8 years.

The average life expectancy for 2011 is 58 years.

The average population growth is about 2%. The birth rate is 32.64 per 1000 people; mortality - 12.09 per 1000. Fertility - 4.16 births per 1 woman.

Infection with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is 6.2% (2007 estimate).

Religion

Just over half of Tanzanians (55% - 60%) are Christians. The share of Muslims is estimated at 30% - 32%. Another approximately 12% of the population adheres to local autochthonous beliefs. Ethnic minorities include Hindus, Baha'is, Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains, etc.

The largest Christian denominations are Catholics (12.4 million), Lutherans (5.8 million), Pentecostals (2.35 million) and Anglicans (2 million).

Muslims are the majority in Zanzibar (97%), in many coastal areas, as well as in some urban areas in the interior of the country. Almost all Muslims are Sunnis (80 to 90%), there is a Shiite minority.

Languages

The official languages ​​of Tanzania are English and Kiswahili. Swahili usually serves as a language of interethnic communication, which is especially important for a country with such rich ethnic and linguistic diversity. However, the mother tongue of the majority of Tanzanians is the language of their ethnic group. English and Swahili are in the vast majority of cases second and third languages.

According to Tanzania's language policy, Swahili should be used in social and political spheres, primary and adult education, English is the language of secondary and higher education, technology and the country's supreme court. In recent decades, there have been trends towards a decrease in the role of English and, accordingly, an increase in the role of Swahili in various industries.

Economy

Tanzania's GDP in 2014 was $33 billion. PPP GDP per capita was $1,813.

Despite its rich natural resources, Tanzania's economy is based on agriculture, which employs about 80% of the workforce. GDP per capita in 2012 was 1.6 thousand dollars (156th place in the world).

Agriculture (27% of GDP) - coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, grains, tapioca, bananas, fruits, vegetables; Cattle, sheep, and goats are raised.

Industry (23% of GDP) - processing of agricultural products (sugar, beer, cigarettes), mining of diamonds, gold, iron ore, salt, shoe production.

Service sector - 50% of GDP.

International trade

Imports in 2017: $8.61 billion - consumer goods, cars and vehicles, fuel.

Main suppliers: India - 16.5%, China - 15.8%, UAE - 9.2%, South Africa - 5.1%.

Member of the international organization of ACP countries.

Culture

The culture of the people of Tanzania has rich traditions. This is wood carving, they are famous for their masks, sculpture, and household items. In Zanzibar they keep the tradition of carving coconut shells and sawing wood. The Tingatinga style of painting, named after the author, Eduardo Saidi Tingatinga, originated in Tanzania.

Sport

Football (the strongest clubs are the capital's Young Africans and Simba), boxing, volleyball, athletics, and rugby are popular in Tanzania. The Tanzania national football team, which is governed by the Tanzania Football Federation, has never reached the finals of the World Cup, and the only time it played at the African Cup of Nations was in 1980 in Nigeria, where it lost two matches in the group and drew with Cote d'Ivoire. Almost all players of the Tanzanian national team play in local clubs.

Despite having a very large population by African standards, Tanzania has achieved virtually no significant success in any sport, even at the regional level.

Tanzania is a country in East Africa. It consists of the mainland (Tanganyika), washed on the east by the Indian Ocean, and the large coastal islands of Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia. Tanzania is part of the British Commonwealth.

Most of the country is located on the East African Plateau. The territory of Tanzania covers part of the largest lakes in Africa - Lake Victoria in the north, Lake Tanganyika (which is often called the twin of Lake Baikal) in the west, and Lake Nyasa in the south of Tanzania. The highest mountains in Africa are Kilimanjaro (5895 m). The total length of land borders is 3,402 km, of which with Burundi - 451 km, with Kenya - 769 km, Malawi - 475 km, with Mozambique - 756 km, with Rwanda - 217 km, with Uganda - 396 km and with Zambia - 338 km.

Area of ​​Tanzania: total - 945,087 km2. Coastline: 1424 km. The island territories consist of the Zanzibar archipelago (the islands of Zanzibar, Pemba, Mafia, etc.).

Tanzania has two capitals: the administrative center is the historical capital of Dar es Salaam, and the legislative center is Dodoma, where the government moved the main bodies in the 1970s.

Tanzania is a republic. The head of state and head of government is the president, elected by the population for a 5-year term, with the possibility of a second consecutive term. On December 14, 2005, the candidate from the ruling Revolutionary Party, Tanzanian Foreign Minister Jakaya Kikwete, won the presidential election, gaining more than 80% of the votes. His main opponent was Ibrahim Lipumba, the candidate of the opposition Civil United Front. Parliament is a unicameral State Assembly (Bunge), 274 deputies, of which 232 are elected by the population for a 5-year term, 37 women deputies are personally appointed by the president, and 5 deputies are appointed by the autonomous parliament of Zanzibar.

Relief of Tanzania

Most of Tanzania's territory is located on the East African Plateau. Along the western and southwestern borders there are deep tectonic valleys and highlands of Giant Craters (Meru volcanoes, Africa's highest mountain Kilimanjaro (5895 m) and others. The Indian Ocean coast is a narrow strip of lowlands.

The lower and drier part of the plateau occupies the whole of southern Tanzania. The soils here are of a lighter composition, are susceptible to erosion and are quickly depleted. There is little precipitation, and it is distributed unevenly across the seasons. The tsetse fly, a carrier of sleeping sickness among humans and Nagana disease among domestic animals, is found here.

The central and northern parts of the plateau rise to 1200-1500 m. In some places there is moderate rainfall, and fertile soils are common.

The country's territory includes part of the largest lakes in Africa - Lake Victoria in the north, Lake Tanganyika (which is often called the twin of Baikal) in the west, Lake Nyasa in the south of Tanzania, as well as the drainless salt lakes Rukwa, Natron, Eyasi. The main rivers of the country - Pangani, Rufiji (the only navigable river in the lower reaches) and Ruvuma flow into the Indian Ocean.

Climate of Tanzania

The climate is subequatorial monsoon, hot, seasonally humid. Average monthly temperatures range from 12-15 to 25-27 degrees C. In the north there are two rainy seasons (March - May and September - November), in the south there is one (November - April).

The greatest amount of precipitation falls on the western coast of Lake Victoria (up to 2000 mm per year), the least - on the inland plateaus (about 250 mm). In most of Tanzania, the dry season lasts 5-7 months. The alternation between dry and wet seasons is especially noticeable in the mountainous northeast and on the Masai plateau.

There are problems of drought and forest fires. It happened that drought led to a decrease in the water level in reservoirs feeding hydroelectric power stations to a critical level, as a result of which strict rationing of electricity supply was introduced throughout the country. Heavy rains also cause significant damage. So, as a result of heavy rains at the end of 1997 - beginning of 1998. Agricultural facilities were destroyed, roads were washed away, bridges were demolished.

The climate on the islands is humid, the average daytime temperature is plus 28-30 degrees, sea breezes make the weather very pleasant. The water temperature in the Indian Ocean is 24-26 degrees. In the central part (1200-1700 m above sea level) the average temperature is plus 22-25 degrees, nights can be cool.

Flora of Tanzania

In the west and south of the country there are tropical dry deciduous woodlands, in the coastal lowlands - park savannas, in the central and north-eastern regions - grassy savannas. Moist evergreen forests and shrubs grow on the slopes of the mountains. Despite its proximity to the equator, Tanzania is characterized by various types of savannas: shrubby, park, mountain park, grassy. Along with miombo forests (light tropical forests of deciduous trees), savannas occupy most of the territory. Mangroves are found along the ocean coast and at river mouths. Dense tropical forests remain only around lakes in the west of the country and in the floodplains of some rivers. Even conifers, such as cedar and pine, grow on the slopes of high mountains. Pterocarpus angola is found in the park forests, the valuable wood of which is used to make high-quality furniture and wall cladding.

Wildlife of Tanzania

Tanzania is one of the few countries on the African continent where representatives of a rich tropical fauna have been preserved in natural conditions. The savannas are home to several species of antelope (wildebeest, kongoni, topi, stenbok, springbok and others), as well as lions, leopards, cheetahs, zebras, elephants and giraffes.

Characterized by an abundance of monkeys, of the monkeys in the far north-west there are chimpanzees, and in the Kilimanjaro region - gorillas. Along the rivers there are hippos and crocodiles.

The world of birds is unusually rich and diverse. There are especially many waterfowl. In the higher regions of the country, ostriches can occasionally be seen. Poisonous snakes include the black mamba and the African viper.

However, the animal world has become significantly impoverished as a result of prolonged extermination. Large animals are preserved mainly in nature reserves and national parks, the largest of which are Ngorongoro, Serengeti, Ruaha, Arusha, Manyama, Mikumi, Kilimanjaro, Rungwa. Particularly famous is the Serengeti National Park (15.5 thousand sq. km), the only one in the world where natural seasonal migrations of wild animals occur. Ngorongoro is located in the area of ​​a huge volcanic crater; its caldera, the largest in the world, is distinguished by an extraordinary richness of fauna.

National parks of Tanzania

There are 15 national parks in Tanzania, which are managed by the Tanzania National Parks Authority or TANAPA, headquartered in the city of Arusha. According to international studies, the service is one of the most productive in Africa - it employs 1,650 people who serve 15 existing and one planned national park (Saanane). The main objective of the service is to preserve the existing biodiversity and rich natural heritage of the country. The national park system contains World Heritage Sites (4 out of 7 sites in Tanzania) and UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (2 out of 3 sites in the country).

In the north of the country, in the center there are national parks Arusha, Kilimanjaro, Mkomazi, Lake Manyana, Rubondo Island, Serengeti, Taranjir. Arusha Park is located in close proximity to the city of Arusha, the northern safari center of the country. The park was recently expanded to include the Mount Meru Forest Reserve. Kilimanjaro Park, which also recently received additional area, is designed to protect the highest point in Africa. Lake Manyara includes Lake Manyara, located along the rift wall. Mkomazi Park, located on the border with Kenya, is the country's youngest park, established in 2008. Rubondo Island in the southwestern part of Lake Victoria is home to the Rubondo Island National Park. The Serengeti National Park includes the Ngorongoro Crater. In the future, it is planned to increase the area of ​​the park. Tarangire National Park is located on the river of the same name.

In the northeast of the country, on the coast of the Indian Ocean between the cities of Tanga and Dar es Salaam, Saadini Park is located. To the east, in the Udzungwa Mountains, lies the Udzungwa Mountains Park. Gombe Stream National Park is located on the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika in the western part of the country. Mahali Mountains Park is also located on the shores of the lake in the Mahali Mountains. In the center of the country is Ruaha Park. With its recent expansion in size, the park has become the largest in Tanzania. In the southwest of the country, near Lake Rukwa at the end of the rift valley, there is Katavi Park. In the south of the country there is Kitulo Park, also known as the Garden of the Gods. Currently, the issue of increasing the area of ​​the park at the expense of the forests of Mount Rungwe is being considered. In the southeast are the Selous Nature Reserve and Mikumi Park.

Population of Tanzania

Population 38.860 million (estimated as of October 2009). In the country, only the city of Dar es Salaam has a population of more than 1 million people. Annual growth - 2%. Fertility - 4.5 births per woman. Infant mortality is 69 per 1000 births. Average life expectancy is 50 years for men, 53 years for women. Infection with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is 6.2% (2007 estimate).

Ethnic composition - in the mainland - 99% blacks, mainly Bantu peoples (hehe, Shambhala, Sukuma, Kuria, Ha, etc.), 1% - Asians (mostly Indians), whites, Arabs. In Zanzibar there are mainly Arabs, blacks and mestizos of Arab-Negro origin.

The official languages ​​are Swahili and English, Arabic is widespread in Zanzibar, and there are many local Bantu languages ​​on the mainland. Religions - in the mainland - Christians 30%, Muslims 35%, aboriginal cults 35%; in Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslims.

Source - http://ru.wikipedia.org/
http://www.afri.su/countries/tanzania/

Tanzania is one of the most interesting tourist regions in East Africa. Vast territories of National Parks with a colossal diversity of fauna, huge cones of ancient volcanoes, beautiful landscapes of the Central Plateau and the Great Rift zone, long sea coast and picturesque islands, unique culture of local tribes - all this gives the country a unique flavor and great attractiveness for guests. This is one of the most ecologically interesting countries in the world. Unique natural complexes, 12 national parks, 13 nature reserves, 38 nature conservation areas and other environmental protection zones have brought the country the reputation of one of the best places on the planet for eco-tourism.

Geography

Tanzania is the largest country in East Africa, located south of the equator. In the north it borders with Kenya and Uganda, in the south with Mozambique, Malawi and Zambia, in the west with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi and Rwanda. In the east it is washed by the Indian Ocean. There is a small plain along the coast, but most of the country is occupied by a plateau, the average height of which is about 1290 m above sea level. Small groups of mountains rise in the northeast and southwest. Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest point in Africa (5895 m), is located on the northeastern border of the country. The Great Rift Valley passes through Tanzania.

Time

In winter there is no difference from Moscow, in summer time lags behind Moscow by 1 hour.

Climate

The climate is mainly equatorial-monsoon. The average temperatures of the warmest month are +25°C - +27°C, the coldest month is +12°C - +15°C. Precipitation falls up to 1,500 mm per year. The climate in Tanzania is quite dry. The great dry season lasts from June to September. It is very hot between January and March. There are two rainy seasons: the heavy rainy season - April and May, and the light rainy season - from late September to early November. An unfavorable time to visit Tanzania is a long rainy season, and during this period the risk of malaria and gastrointestinal infections sharply increases. In the south of the country, seasonal rains (from February to March) erode the soil, making the area virtually inaccessible.

Language

The official language is Swahili. English and Arabic are widely spoken on the coast of Tanzania (about 100 local dialects). The main language groups are Bantu, Nilotic, and Cushitic.

Religion

On the mainland, up to 35% of the population are Christians, 35% are Muslims, and the rest adhere to traditional local beliefs. In Zanzibar, more than 99% of the population professes Islam.

Population

Population - about 30 million people. Ethnic composition: Bantu tribes (about 130 tribes) - 99%, people from Asia, Europe and Arabs - 1%; Arabs, Africans and descendants of mixed marriages live in Zanzibar.

Electricity

Voltage - 220-240V. The sockets comply with British standards (you need to take an adapter with a three-pin plug).

Emergency numbers

Single emergency phone number - 112

Ambulance - 133, 122

Police - 995

Fire service - 999

Connection

Network services in the country are provided by providers Africa Online, Cats-net.com and TZ Online. These services are consumed in a very large volume in the country; Internet cafes are located everywhere in the capital and other large cities. The cost per hour of connection is one of the lowest on the continent.

Mobile communications in Tanzania are much more developed than cable lines (almost 900 thousand subscribers). Operators Tritel (GSM network code 742), Mobitel Celtel Tanzania Ltd (GSM code 743), Vodacom Tanzania and others cover only the main cities and areas along major highways. Zanzibar Telecom (Zantel) provides almost complete coverage of the islands. Roaming with local companies is available to subscribers of the largest Russian operators. Tanzania's communication system is quite outdated, and also operating below its capacity (suffice it to say that there are only 149 thousand subscribers in the country). There are few payphones on the streets of even large cities; they can mainly be found near office buildings and near large stores. They mainly serve intracity lines. The easiest way to call abroad is to go to the Tanzanian Telephone Company Ltd (TTCL) office or call center (usually located in post offices, call through an operator). These calls are not cheap (about $3 per minute to Moscow), and you must fill out an extensive application form to make a call. Several independent telephone offices (ASKO, etc.) provide more convenient conditions (usually separate pay phones with direct access to an international line), but are quite few in number. Some offices and stores offer the opportunity to make a call in cash (usually the prices here are at the level of TTCL tariffs). The country's international dialing code is 255 (007 from Kenya and Uganda). Outgoing international code - 00. Some city codes: Dar es Salaam - 22; Arusha, Tanga - 27; Bagamoyo, Lindi, Morogoro, Mtwara, Pwani - 23; Pemba and Zanzibar islands - 24; Dodoma, Iringa, Singida, Tabora - 26; Bukoba, Kigoma, Shinyanga - 28; Musoma, Mwanza - 28.

Currency exchange

The national currency is the Tanzanian shilling (TSh), equal to 100 cents. Banking hours: from 08.30 to 16.00 from Monday to Friday, from 08.30 to 13.00 on Saturday. Credit cards have limited circulation. Traveler's checks can be cashed at registered dealers or exchange offices.

Visa

Russian citizens are issued a visa upon arrival in Tanzania. There is a $50 visa fee payable in cash in US dollars. Children under 16 years of age fit into their parents' visa.

Customs regulations

The import and export of foreign currency is not limited (declaration is required), national currency is prohibited. Duty-free import of cigarettes is allowed - 200 pcs., alcoholic beverages - up to 1 liter, food, household items - within the limits of personal needs. Professional audio, photo and video equipment is subject to duty. The export of gold and silver jewelry, stamps, coins, and food products is allowed within the limits of personal needs. The import of small arms, drugs, and pornography is prohibited. The export of ivory and products made from it, rhinoceros horn, wild animal skins, gold, diamonds, cloves (without documents confirming the legality of their acquisition) is prohibited.

Holidays and non-working days

Good Friday holiday - according to calendar date

Easter Monday - according to calendar dates

Islamic holidays:

Iddi El Fitry - 2nd day of the new moon

Iddi El Haji - 1st day of the new moon

Maulid Day - 1st day of the new moon

Transport

Road traffic in Tanzania is dangerous and there are a high number of road accidents. The national sport is slalom between potholes, and the rules of the road are forgotten by everyone forever. Therefore, a strong recommendation is to use the services of a professional driver, but this will be especially necessary if you have a trip to the countryside, to the savannah. Driving in Tanzania is on the left. If you are going to drive a car in Tanzania, you need an international license. Foreigners are required to carry a driver's license even when driving a motorcycle.

Tips

It is customary to tip driver-guides if you like their work. Mountain guides receive an average of $10 per day, cooks and porters $5. At a hotel or inn, you can give 500 shillings to the porter or servant, or leave a slightly larger amount with the accommodation service when you leave.

The shops

Shops are usually open from Monday to Friday from 08.30 to 12.00 and from 14.00 to 18.00, on Saturday from 08.30 to 12.30. Some shops are also open on Sunday. During Ramadan, many restaurants and shops are closed during the day, and restrictions on smoking and drinking may be in place.

National cuisine

The national cuisine of Tanzania is quite traditional for the territory of East Africa. Typically, restaurants serve British dishes (soups, steaks, roast chicken, boiled vegetables, puddings and instant coffee). Asian restaurants usually have better food, but there aren't many of them. A large number of small African restaurants where you can try local cuisine without risking your health. The main dishes in these restaurants are dishes based on bananas (unsweetened and taste like potatoes) and meat (goat meat) - nyama na ndizi (meat and bananas stewed) and bananas and meat fried on a grill. Chips and other foods in factory packaging, as well as bottled drinks, are not dangerous. Fruits and vegetables require very thorough washing with boiled water. Local beer is very cheap and tasty. Along with local beer, imported beer from Kenya or South Africa is sold, but it is more expensive. As for wine, the best is imported from Europe or South Africa. Of the strong drinks - "Konyagi" - vodka made from papaya.

Attractions

Tanzania- one of the most interesting tourist regions in East Africa.

Ngoro Ngoro National Park(listed as a "Natural Heritage of the World" by UNESCO) - a picturesque and varied landscape in which the steep cliffs of the walls of the Ngoro Ngoro crater are adjacent to spacious valleys covered with grass and bushes.

Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest peak in Africa (5895 m), which is clearly visible for many miles of the savannahs of Tanzania and Kenya spread around it. At the very top there is eternal ice, which is surprising since it is located only three degrees south of the equator. Lake Manyara National Park is located between the alkaline lake of the same name and the rock of the Great African Rift. Here you can see all African animals, with the exception of leopards and cheetahs. The most famous sight in the park is the lions climbing the acacia trees. Serengeti National Park is one of the largest nature reserves in the world. Of all the reserves in Africa, the Serengeti is the first in terms of the number of species and the total number of animals inhabiting it. More than a million large mammals live within the reserve. Tarangire National Park takes its name from the Tarangire River, which flows here from north to south. Situated in a vast savanna of baobab and acacia trees, it is famous for its abundance of wildlife, especially noticeable during the dry season from July to October. During this period, thousands of animals - antelopes, zebras, elephants, buffaloes, lions - migrate from the arid Masai steppes to the Tarangire River in search of watering places.

Zanzibar Island- the largest island of Tanzania, located in the Indian Ocean. Zanzibar has a large seaport and airport. The only city in Zanzibar is Stone Town, a city with predominantly Arabic architecture. In the central part, medieval buildings have been preserved: mosques, madrassas, a number of palaces, residential buildings of the 16th - 18th centuries. This city was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in December 2000. The Indian Ocean island of Mafia is a paradise for fishermen (deep sea fishing is organized), divers and water sports enthusiasts.

Resorts

Arusha is a bustling, rapidly developing city. Arusha today is the starting point for organizing safari. The city is located at the center of the tourist attractions of northern Tanzania. It is from here that they travel to the world famous Serengeti National Park, to the Ngoro Ngoro Crater, on expeditions to Mount Kilimanjaro, Lake Manyara National Park and other game reserves of East Africa. Air taxis fly from here to Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika.

Choice safari varied: morning, day and night classic safaris, eco-safari, off-the-beaten-path safaris, sea safaris, hot air balloon and camel safaris, horse safaris, mountain bike safaris.

Zanzibar city is located on the western coast of the island of the same name, located 40 km from Dar es Salaam. Since ancient times, the island has gained fame as a world trade center. Today, the city also has Asian influences, although the local architecture is dominated by Arabic features and the majority of residents are Muslim.

Lake National Park Manyara captivates with unusually colorful safaris from July to October. The park's dense vegetation, hot springs, many mountain waterfalls, swamps and copses are ideal for its diverse inhabitants.

In eastern Africa, on the coast of the Indian Ocean, there is a republic that was formed in 1964 as a result of the merger of two former colonies - Tanganyika and. The name emphasizes the unification of two countries into one.

Now the popularity of this country among tourists is associated, first of all, with the many that introduce all visitors to real African nature and the huge diversity of the animal world. These reserves, located in vast virgin territories, are home to common and rare species, the number of representatives of which is so large that it is sometimes measured in the thousands. And they all live their usual lives, in freedom.

In these places, safari originated, which is very interesting for any person, and therefore is very popular among tourists. After all, by immersing yourself in the natural conditions for wild animals in Africa, you can not only look at them, but also get to know the centuries-old soul of the continent.

The local weather is different from what we are used to, because Tanzania is located in the southern hemisphere. During the European summer months it is cooler here. And yet the country is ready to receive guests in all seasons, since there are conditions for this.

Capital of the country Tanzania

Just as Tanzania has a double name, formed from two states, it can be proud of two capitals:

• Dodoma;
• Dar es Salaam.

Dodoma is the official capital of Tanzania, this appointment happened in 1973, when all major government bodies moved to this city. Dar es Salaam is the historical capital, which is now considered the center for preserving the culture and economy of the country.

Educated Dodoma at the end of the 19th century in the center of the modern republic. Then it was a settlement of German colonists, and was located on the trade route connecting Lake Tanganyika and the ocean coast.

The peculiarity of the geographical location of this city is that it is located on a plateau, the height of which can reach almost 1300 m. In this regard, Dodoma experiences a monsoon climate, characteristic of equatorial zones. The average annual temperature here can fluctuate by 10 degrees Celsius, with it being warmest at the beginning of the year, when the mercury averages +26 degrees Celsius.

There are different weather periods and precipitation amounts:

• drought - June-October;
• rains - November-May.

The spring months are called the most unfavorable in these places, as then abundant humidity is combined with high temperatures.

The outskirts of the city are located in low-grass savannas, so the vegetation here is dominated by:

• acacia;
• camphor laurels;
• coniferous trees;
• thorny bushes.

Here you can also see wild animals and birds common in Africa (antelope, elephant, giraffe, lion, hippopotamus, cheetah, ostrich).

This legislative capital of the country of Tanzania unites mainly the African population (99%). Among the residents there are representatives of various nationalities:

• Maasai;
• Nyamwezi;
• chaga;
• gogo.

The remaining 1% comes from residents of foreign origin (from Europe and Arab countries).

They officially speak two languages ​​in Dodoma:

• English;
• Swahili.

The majority of believers in the city are Christians (mostly Catholics); there are also Muslims. The traditional faith remained in only a few local families.

For modern tourists, the capital of Dodoma is practically uninteresting, since the local architecture is not outstanding and there are very few attractions. Among the interesting places we can highlight only a few:

• buildings of state residences;
• Train Station;
• a sacred Sikh temple, where every guest can be treated to sacred sweets;
• Geological Museum;
• a huge local market.

Such cultural poverty discourages tourists, who may come here only to go to Dar es Salaam or the national parks.

And here Dar es Salaam is a very large port city, the largest in Tanzania and on the entire East African coast. It contains prints from different eras, so different cultures influenced its appearance. In this regard, there is even a division of the city into parts:

• African;
• Asian;
• European.

There are a lot of industrial enterprises here, and Dar es Salaam is also home to various educational institutions that are popular in the country, so there are a lot of students in the city.

Interesting places in the former capital of Tanzania:

• National Museum with unique exhibits of the ancient history of the state;
• a botanical garden with representatives of the flora of equatorial and tropical climates;
• "Little Theater" - drama theater and many others.

Tourists come to Dar es Salaam with pleasure, as there are the best conditions for an interesting, educational vacation, because this city is conducive to relaxation, knowledge of local culture and ancient history.

TOURS TO TANZANIA: Tanzania can be reached from St. Petersburg and Moscow with at least two stops. Tours to Tanzania often combine a safari in one of the parks on the mainland + relaxation on the beach. Zanzibar (or other islands). You can also combine visits to Kenya and Tanzania in one tour.

CAPITAL: Tanzania has two capitals: the administrative center is the historical capital of Dar es Salaam, and the legislative capital is Dodoma, where the government moved the main bodies in the 1970s.

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE: Swahili, English. Arabic is spoken in Zanzibar, and on the mainland there are many local Bantu languages.

CURRENCY: Tanzanian shilling (TZS) = 100 cents. Banknotes in denominations of 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10,000 Tanzanian shillings and coins in denominations of 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 Tanzanian shillings are officially in circulation. In fact, coins with a face value of less than 50 shillings went out of circulation.

TIME: Moscow

There is no time change between summer and winter time in Tanzania.

VISA TO TANZANIA

Russian citizens require a visa to enter Tanzania. If you want to visit one of Tanzania's neighboring states, you must have a double or multiple entry visa. Visas are required for everyone; visa-free transit is not permitted.

List of documents for a Tanzania visa:

• A foreign passport, valid for at least 4 months from the date of entry into Tanzania and at least 1 month after returning from Tanzania;
• Two color photographs (3.5x4.5) on a blue background;
• Completed questionnaire;
• Application form for a tourist visa to Tanzania.

The visa processing time is 5-7 working days.

Visa cost $100.

CUSTOMS REGULATIONS

• The import of foreign currency is not limited (declaration is required), national currency is prohibited. The export of previously imported foreign currency is allowed (according to the declaration), but national currency is prohibited.
• Duty-free import of cigarettes is allowed - up to 200 pcs. or 250 gr. tobacco or 50 cigars, alcoholic beverages - up to 1 liter, up to 250 grams of perfume or eau de toilette. Food, household items and other personal items are imported within the limits of personal needs. Audio, photo and video equipment are included in the declaration and must be exported from the country according to the entry. The import of small arms is permitted only with prior approval from local authorities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (permission must be obtained in advance).
• All plants and animals are imported only on the basis of a phytosanitary certificate or a certificate of health of the animal (vaccination against rabies is required). All animals are inspected upon arrival and sent to quarantine.
• The import and export of drugs, explosives, poisons and pornographic products is prohibited. The export of ivory and products made from it, rhinoceros horn, wild animal skins, gold, diamonds, cloves (without documents confirming the legality of their acquisition) is prohibited. The export of gold and silver jewelry, stamps, coins, and food products is allowed within the limits of personal needs (receipts from the store must be attached to the jewelry).

TRANSPORT

Driving in Tanzania is on the left (the steering wheel is on the right).

Traffic in Tanzania is dangerous: the roads are very worn out, the driving style of the locals and many animals running out onto the road. An untrained white person in Tanzania is better off not driving himself. It is better to resort to the services of a professional driver, which will be especially important if you are going to travel to the countryside or savannah.

Urban transport is available in large cities; it is represented by ordinary old city buses and minibuses. In other populated areas, urban transport consists of pickup trucks, minibuses and rickshaws moving chaotically around the city and suburbs. There is no permanent schedule of transport departures and arrivals. The most convenient way for tourists is buses, and some companies, for example, Scandinavian, have them more than comfortable: driving in an air-conditioned cabin filled with amenities, past the local population riding on donkeys or in crowded minibuses, the tourist feels like a truly white man. But far from big cities there is simpler transport - “Dala-Dala”, in other words, buses on a truck chassis. Dala-Dala connects all the cities of the country, they are very cheap, often lack minimal comfort (don’t even dream of air conditioning), are often very slow, but at the same time they are often the only opportunity to travel around Tanzania, especially in remote areas.

There are ferry services between Dar es Salaam and the islands of Pemba and Zanzibar, as well as on Lakes Victoria, Nyassa and Tanganyika. True, the ferry can turn out to be either a fast beast with all the amenities, or a rusty trough - you can guess this in advance only by the price of the ticket. As a rule, night ferries are much worse than day ferries.

CLIMATE: subequatorial. In the north there are two rainy seasons (March - May and September - November), in the south there is one (November - April). The climate on the islands is humid, the average daytime temperature is + 28-30°C, sea breezes make the weather very pleasant. The water temperature in the Indian Ocean is + 24-26°C. In the central part (1200-1700 m above sea level) the average temperature is + 22-25°C, nights can be cool.

CITIES AND RESORTS

Large cities - Dodoma, Dar es Salaam, Mwanza.

Main resorts: Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia islands.

The island of Zanzibar is an entire archipelago in the Indian Ocean with the main island of the same name, located northeast of Dar es Salaam, 35 km from the coast. The main advantages of this place are its rich and diverse cultural heritage, carefully preserved coastline, clean coastal waters and many species of marine animals. Zanzibar has white, clean sandy beaches along which picturesque fishing villages stretch. Not far from the capital there are Fuji and Chuini beaches with a rich selection of water sports, and to the north there is a very quiet and secluded Mangapwani beach.

Mafia Island - consists of one large and several smaller islands. In the eighth century it played a key role in East African trade and served as a haven for Arab traders. The name of the island "Mafia" comes from the Arabic "morfiyeh" which means "group" or "archipelago". Some of the small islands are uninhabited. And some have preserved ancient ruins, which will be interesting to explore and get acquainted with the various animals inhabiting them - from monkeys and wild pigs to fruit bats. This place is worth a visit. Just 30 minutes by plane south of Zanzibar and you find yourself in a piece of paradise. First of all, Mafia Island is known for its variety of diving sites. The island has a sufficient number of places for advanced divers, but beginners will not be bored either - cozy bays and bays protected from the power of the ocean are perfect for beginner divers. The underwater world amazes with its richness. The pristine coral reefs and diverse marine life are the best in the entire region. Also, Mafia Island is one of the Tanzanian spice islands. Every cubic meter of air here is saturated with spicy, intoxicating odors.

MAIN ATTRACTIONS OF TANZANIA

ZANZIBAR

The English fort on the island of Zanzibar has existed since the times when Tanzania was a British colony, that is, from the late 18th to early 19th centuries. The majestic fort is located next to the Sultan's Palace, in the center of Stone Town. In the 19th century, the fort’s dungeons were used as prison casemates and places for torture; a century later, a railway station was built here, and now the fort is a large cultural center where festivals, music and dance performances, and African drum shows are regularly held.

Slave Trade Square in Stone Town— A large slave market appeared in Zanzibar at the beginning of the 19th century. From 1830 to 1873, more than 600 thousand people were sold at the slave trading area in Stone Town; on average, 10 to 30 thousand people were sold annually in Zanzibar. The slave trade was banned in 1873, and a year later construction of the Anglican Cathedral began on the square. It still stands there now. Tourists are shown not only the square itself, but also the rooms in which slaves were kept before being sold, as well as the cellars where the slave trade continued after the official ban until the 1890s.

Stone Town is the oldest part of Zanzibar City. This area was inhabited back in the 16th century, and the first stone buildings appeared here in the 1830s. From 1840 to 1856, it was the capital of the Omani Empire. For many years, Stone Town was the largest slave trading center; spices were exported through the city's port. This area was also a starting point for numerous European explorers. Stone Town's buildings include elements of Arabic, Persian, Indian, European and African styles with notable carved wooden doors and verandas.

Anglican Cathedral Cathedral of Christ Cathedral, located in the city of Stone Town on the island of Zanzibar, was built in 1887 on the site of a former market where slaves were sold. The architecture of the building combines features of Gothic and Arabic style, so the church is very reminiscent of a mosque. A tall clock tower adjoins the main building of the Anglican Cathedral. Inside you can see a wooden crucifix, under which rests the heart of David Livingstone, the famous explorer of Africa. In front of the gray stone temple you can see the Monument to the Tortured Slaves.

OTHER ATTRACTIONS

Serengeti National Park, located in the Great African Rift region, covers an area of ​​about 30 thousand km², covering Tanzania and Kenya. In the first half of the 20th century, this place was famous among those who like to hunt lions, which led to a noticeable decrease in the population of these beautiful animals. It was not until 1951 that these territories were officially declared a national park. The conditions here are ideal for wild fauna. In this place, herbivores and predators coexist harmoniously, living according to all the laws of nature. The Serengeti is still famous for its lions, as the largest pride of lions on Earth was discovered here. In addition to lions, many other wild cats live here, as well as several different species of antelope, about 500 species of birds, reptiles, elephants, hyenas and many others. Tourists love to go on safari to the Serengeti - especially during the annual migration of artiodactyls, caused by the onset of the dry period in October and November, when animals cover many kilometers, moving from north to south.

Lake Manyara Park is a national park in Tanzania, located in the north of the country in the Arusha region on Lake Manyara. The total area of ​​the park is 330 sq. km. During high water, Lake Manyara occupies 200 sq. km, in normal conditions it covers about a third of the park. The park is a narrow strip between the alkaline Lake Manyara in the east and the Gregory Rift in the west. The park contains the main slopes and peaks of the rift, as well as part of the plateau. The mountainous landscape is dissected by river valleys, some of the rivers are full-flowing all year round and form the basis of the region’s drainage system. The park is home to African elephants, buffalos, black rhinos, hippos, impalas, giraffes and zebras. In addition to animals, there are more than 400 species of birds in the park. On the lake you can see pink flamingos and other large waterfowl such as white pelicans, cormorants, storks and ibises. The park is home to at least 44 species of birds of prey, including palm vultures and hawk eagles.

Ngorongoro is a huge crater in Tanzania that emerged as a caldera following the collapse of a large volcano approximately 2.5 million years ago. Its bottom is located at an altitude of almost two kilometers above sea level, and the edges are slightly higher - at an altitude of 3000 m. The diameter of the known crater is approximately 19 km, and the total area is 26,400 hectares. The microclimate of Ngorongoro varies greatly depending on the location, this is due to the sharp difference in altitude and the dynamics of its air masses. The higher elevations are generally foggy and humid, with most rainfall occurring in April and November. Shrub vegetation covers the rim of the crater, which is a savannah with fairly tall vegetation and evergreen montane forests. The crater floor is home to shorter grass, as well as acacia forests and drinking water sources. The crater is home to approximately 25 thousand animals and has the highest density of predators in all of Africa. Quite often in Ngorongoro you can see zebras, buffaloes and various types of antelope such as gazelles, wildebeests, elands.

Kilimanjaro – Many tourists visit Tanzania to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. Unlike the inaccessible Everest, climbing Kilimanjaro does not require any special mountaineering skills. The slopes are not steep, and some routes allow you to reach the eternal ice without equipment. Climbing Kilimanjaro is unforgettable due to the variety of landscapes and rich flora. Here a person passes through several climatic zones: savannah, tropical forests, alpine meadows. Well, at high altitudes above sea level there are eternal snows and glaciers.

Lake Natron is located in northern Tanzania and is a unique place. The reservoir is a habitat for flamingos and an archaeological site where the remains of Homo Sapiens, which are more than 30 thousand years old, were found. The lake area is favored by flamingos - more than 2 million birds gather here every summer. It is worth noting that Natron is the only place in the world where the lesser flamingo breeds. Another feature of the lake is the crust of salt that covers its surface. As a result of the activity of microorganisms living in the lake, the salt crust can turn red and pink, which is an amazing sight. The alkalinity of the lake ranges from 9–10.5 pH, and the water temperature reaches +60 °C, so animals (mainly birds) entering the lake immediately die, and their remains become covered with minerals and harden, turning into stone sculptures .

Boribi Reef is a favorite spot for professional divers, who dive to 20 meters deep to see not only an abundance of tropical fish, but also explore shipwrecks. On the seabed there are several sunken merchant ships of the last century. Although, it would be unfair not to talk about the marine inhabitants, the sight of which brings novice divers into indescribable delight.

Tanzania has many nature reserves and national parks, some of them: Serengeti, Kilimanjaro, Ruaha, Tarangire, Selous, Ngorongoro, Arusha and others.

NATIONAL CUISINE

Tanzanian food is not particularly sophisticated, but it is filling and tasty. Given the abundance of local fauna, it is not surprising that the basis of the national cuisine is made from animal and poultry meat, as well as seafood. Goat meat is used quite often - cheap and cheerful. Beef and pork are significantly more expensive. Signature meat dishes: roast ostrich with tropical fruit sauce and buffalo steak.

All meat dishes begin with the name "nyama", for example, fried beef is nyama-nkombe, fried chicken is nyama-kuku, and meat with stewed bananas is nyama-na-ndizi.

For something unusual, you can try very original dishes made from wild animal meat. Particularly popular are exotic delicacies such as elephant meat or antelope fillet. For the more daring, there are fried termites and locusts.

There are many good fish restaurants along the coast, where you can order octopus stew, fried shrimp with lemon and charcoal-baked fish in banana leaves. Ugali porridge and rice are served as a side dish.

Crocodile meat is served with stewed banana salad. In general, bananas are mercilessly used in a good half of Tanzanian cuisine: they are stewed, baked, simmered in the oven and cooked together with meat and peanuts. By the way, the bananas here are completely unsweetened and taste somewhat like potatoes.

Lunch comes with naan and, in Zanzibar, Indian chapatis. In Zanzibar, fresh clove shoots are sometimes served before meals to refresh the mouth and prepare for a hearty meal.

One of the most popular local drinks is cognac, which is made from papaya and tastes a little like gin. However, you should not drink it on the street or in public places: this will cause active disapproval from the locals.

Tanzanian beer (Serengeti, Safari, etc.) is cheap and very tasty. You can also try Krest tonic, produced by your local Coca-Cola. And it is customary to end a good meal with coffee or tea - a special source of pride for Tanzanians.

Sweets are also good here - donuts, popsicles, coffee-almond halua dessert and banana cream cakes.

You can try local cuisine in small restaurants in shopping centers, street cafes (choose carefully) and hotel restaurants. In Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar there is a large selection of good fish establishments with ocean views.

EMBASSY OF THE RF IN TANZANIA

Address: P.O. Box 1905, Plot No. 73, Ali Hassan Mwinyi Road, Dar es Salaam,Tanzania

Tel.: (255-22) 266-6005, 266-6006

Fax machine: (255-22) 266-6818