“Modern political map of the world. World maps — what they look like in different countries Open a world map with the names of countries

Political map– a geographical map of the globe, continent or region, which reflects territorial and political divisions. The main elements of the content of the map are the borders of states and dependent territories, capitals, large cities, sometimes the political map displays routes of communication, the borders of autonomous entities within states with a federal structure, capitals and centers of administrative-territorial divisions.

In the modern world there are more 250 countries. They are diverse in place in the international division of labor and in international relations, in level of economic development, in size of territory, in population size, in ethnic and national composition, in geographical location and in many other indicators. 193 states are members of the United Nations(as of 01/01/2018) and 2 observer states: Holy See (Vatican City) and State of Palestine.

The diversity of countries in the modern world.

Countries of the world are grouped according to different criteria. For example, stand out sovereign, independent countries (about 193 out of 250) and dependent countries and territories. Dependent countries and territories may have different names: possessions - the term " colonies» not used since 1971 (very few remain), overseas departments and territories, self-governing territories. So, Gibraltar is a possession of Great Britain; island Reunion in the Indian Ocean, country Guiana in South America - the overseas departments of France; island country Puerto Rico declared a "freely affiliated state of the United States."

Grouping of countries by territory size:

• very large countries(territory more than 3 million sq. km): Russia(17.1 million sq. km), Canada(10 million sq. km), China(9.6 million sq. km), USA(9.4 million sq. km), Brazil(8.5 million sq. km), Australia(7.7 million sq. km), India(3.3 million sq. km);
• large countries(have an area of ​​more than 1 million km2): Algeria, Libya, Iran, Mongolia, Argentina, etc.;
• average And small countries: these include most countries in the world - Italy, Vietnam, Germany, etc.
• micro-states: Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican. These also include Singapore and the island states of the Caribbean and Oceania.

Based on population they distinguish 10 largest countries in the world : China (1318 million people); India (1132 million people); USA (302 million people); Indonesia (232 million people); Brazil (189 million people); Pakistan (169 million people); Bangladesh (149 million people); Nigeria (144 million people); Russia (142 million people); Japan (128 million people). The population of countries is constantly changing, so this "Big Ten" is also changing. Most countries in the world are medium-sized states in terms of population (less than 100 million people): Iran, Ethiopia, Germany, etc. The smallest countries in terms of population are micro-states. For example, 1 thousand people live in the Vatican.

Political system, forms of government and administrative-territorial structure of the countries of the world.

Countries around the world also differ in forms of government and by forms of territorial government.

There are two main forms of government: republics , where legislative power usually belongs to parliament, and executive power to the government (USA, Germany), and monarchy , where power belongs to the monarch and is inherited (Brunei, UK).

Most countries in the world have a republican form of government. There are presidential republics, where the president heads the government and has great powers (USA, Guinea, Argentina, etc.), and parliamentary republics, where the role of the president is smaller, and the head of the executive branch is the prime minister appointed by the president. There are currently monarchies 29 .

Monarchies are divided into constitutional and absolute. At constitutional monarchy The power of the monarch is limited by the constitution and the activities of parliament: real legislative power usually belongs to parliament, and executive power to the government. At the same time, the monarch “reigns, but does not rule,” although his political influence is quite large. Such monarchies include Great Britain, the Netherlands, Spain, Japan, etc.

At absolute monarchy The power of the ruler is not limited in any way. There are now only six states with this form of government in the world: Brunei, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and the Vatican.

Particularly distinguished are the so-called theocratic monarchies , i.e. countries where the head of state is also its religious head (Vatican and Saudi Arabia).

There are countries that have a specific form of government. These include states included in the so-called Commonwealth (until 1947 it was called the “British Commonwealth of Nations”). The Commonwealth is an association of countries that includes Great Britain and many of its former colonies, dominions and dependent territories (in total 50 states). Initially created by Great Britain to preserve its economic and military-political positions in previously owned territories and countries. IN 16 in Commonwealth countries the head of state is formally considered british queen. The largest of them include Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. In them, the head of state is the Queen of Great Britain, represented by the Governor-General, and the legislative body is Parliament.

By forms of government differentiate unitary And federal countries.

IN unitary the state has a single constitution, a single executive and legislative power, and administrative-territorial units are vested with minor powers and report directly to the central government (France, Hungary).

IN federal In a state, along with unified laws and authorities, there are other state formations - republics, states, provinces, etc., which adopt their own laws and have their own authorities, i.e. members of the federation have a certain political and economic independence. But their activities should not contradict federal laws (India, Russia, USA). Most countries in the world are unitary; there are now just over 20 federal states in the world. The federal form of the state is typical both for multinational countries (Pakistan, Russia) and for countries with a relatively homogeneous national composition of the population (Germany).

Lesson summary "Modern political map of the world".

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Hello to all readers and subscribers of my blog 🙂Today I have prepared for you an article about what a political map of the world is. I will also explain a couple of terms for a clearer picture.

In the narrow sense of the word, this is a geographical map of the globe, on which all the countries of the world are indicated (a list of all countries of the world with capitals is available). And in a broad sense - it is a compilation of information about the political geography of the world.

On the modern political map of the world, you can count 236 states and territories. The political map displays absolutely all changes that affect countries, be it a change in its territory, a merger with another country, the disintegration of the country into several territories, a change in the capital, a change in the name of the country, etc. The political map also displays the country’s form of government and government device.

Changes on the political map are of two types:

• qualitative - change of government structure, form of government, acquisition of sovereignty...
• quantitative - exchange of lands between states, disintegration of states, their unification, annexation of new lands after the war...

Currently, on the modern political map one can see more qualitative than quantitative changes.

All countries, from the point of view of international law, are divided into 2 types:

• dependent territories (overseas territories, trusteeship colonies, etc.);
• independent countries.

Independent state owns sovereignty, territory and borders, has an effective system for managing the life of society, international recognition, pursues an independent domestic and foreign policy, and also has its own national attributes - anthem, flag and coat of arms.

In the 1990s, dependent countries accounted for about 0.7% of the land area and less than 0.3% of the population. That is, as is clear from this, there are not so many dependent territories left in the world, but echoes of the past still keep some territories in check; in total, they can be counted a little more than 50-60, according to various sources. But, of course, all these territories are not large pieces of land, islands, mainly in the Caribbean and Australia and Oceania.

And let's, of course, find out what a colony is?

Colony (from the Latin word colonia - settlement) - several meanings below:

1) a territory or country that is under the authority of a foreign state (the metropolis), it is deprived of economic and political independence and is governed on the basis of a special regime.

2) A settlement that was founded by ancient peoples (Greeks, Phoenicians, Romans) in foreign countries.

3) Settlement of migrants from another region or country.

4) A community of fellow countrymen in a foreign city or country; fraternity.

5) In biology - a set of colonial organisms.

Temporary joint settlements of birds are also sometimes called a colony.

That's all, this is a short article so as not to overload you too much 😉 But everything is still ahead, I am preparing a lot of interesting material especially for you. That's all for now, see you again on the pages of the blog about our planet Earth. Don’t forget to subscribe to blog updates to stay up to date with all the latest, and share interesting articles with your friends using the buttons below e 🙂 Bye bye.

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You can support the project and get access much earlier than the start of open testing by contacting [email protected] with the phrase “I want to support.”

Political map of the world is a geographical map reflecting the countries of the world, their form of government and government structure. The political map reflects the main political and geographical changes: the formation of new independent states, changes in their status, mergers and divisions of states, loss or acquisition of sovereignty, changes in the area of ​​states, replacement of their capitals, changes in the names of states and capitals, changes in forms of government, etc. .

In a broad sense, the political map of the world is not only the state borders of countries plotted on a cartographic basis. It contains information about the history of the formation of political systems and states, about the relationship between states in the modern world, about the uniqueness of regions and countries in their political structure, about the influence of the location of countries on their political structure and economic development.

At the same time, the political map of the world is a historical category, since it reflects all changes in the political structure and borders of states that occur as a result of various historical events.

Colorful political map of the world in English

All the changes that have arisen on the political map over the long history of its formation are of a different nature. Among them, a distinction is made between quantitative and qualitative changes. Quantitative ones include: annexation of newly discovered lands; territorial gains or losses during wars; unification or disintegration of states; concessions or exchanges between countries of land areas. Other changes are qualitative. They consist in the historical change of socio-economic formations; the country's acquisition of political sovereignty; introduction of new forms of government; the formation of interstate political unions, the appearance and disappearance of “hot spots” on the planet. Often quantitative changes are accompanied by qualitative ones. Recent events in the world show that quantitative shifts on the political map are increasingly giving way to qualitative ones, and this leads to the understanding that instead of war - the usual means of resolving interstate disputes - the path of dialogues, peaceful resolution of territorial disputes and international conflicts comes to the fore.

Political map of the world before the collapse of the USSR in Russian

Large detailed political map of the world in Russian

Political map of the world 2012

Political map of the world with real proportions of state areas

Political map of the world in Ukrainian

Large political map of the world

Political map of the world (Russian)

Map of dependent territories of the world

Very large and detailed political map of the world - Very large and detailed political map of the world

Old school, nostalgic political map of the world

Political World Map in English - Political World Map English

Political world map (relief) - Wikiwand Political world map (relief)

Political / Physical Map of the World

Political World Map - Political World Map

Political map of the Earth

Political map of the world in Russian - Political World Map

Political World Map - Political World Map

Political World Map - Political World Map

According to experts, in the near future the political map of the world will undergo major changes. The trend toward an increase in the number of states based on ethnic principles continues. At the same time, state borders that do not correspond to the nations living within them will lose their meaning. On the other hand, international political alliances will play an even more important role.