Marine knots diagrams. Sea knot “Eight” How to learn to make sea knots

One of the classic types of knots. More than two dozen other more advanced units were built on its basis. Each of them corresponds to a specialization for its application. The classic type of knot is a blocking knot, which is knitted on one rope. Such a knot can withstand the strongest traction without causing damage to the rope or cable. "Eight" is considered the most common and one of the most reliable fastening units. This particular knot is the simplest knot to knit on one rope.

Using the figure eight knot

The figure-eight knot is used in almost all spheres of human activity, from heavy industry and ship management to domestic conditions. This knot is used both on rope, fishing line, elastic and metal cable, and on rope. The principle of its use is to thicken the nodule. Thus, it can perform both fastening and blocking functions. The figure eight has also become widespread in mountaineering. With the help of such a knot, climbers make flights on a rope to secure the carabiner. It is also used to tie strings in stringed musical instruments. It is also quite actively used on fishing gear. This knot is unique in its simplicity and practicality. At the same time, it is very reliable, since when tensioned it cannot come undone. It is used in both tension and slack ropes, ropes, cables.

Tying the figure eight

1. To begin with, we take one rope (type, diameter does not matter) with one running end;
2. We make a loop, then push the running end into the loop hole;
3. Tighten the knot and fix it. If necessary, you can make several knots on one rope by repeating the steps.
4. The figure eight knot is ready! It is not for nothing that it is considered the lightest of all knots.

Video

Video on how to tie a figure eight knot:

June 1st, 2016

I remembered and re-read the topic about . But I don’t even know how to tie sea knots, even the simplest ones.

However, this skill is useful and you never know exactly when it will come in handy. That's why I decided to start learning something. Where do we start?

Let's try these simple and useful options:

Flat knot

It has long been considered one of the most reliable knots for tying cables of different thicknesses. Having eight weaves, the flat knot never gets too tight, does not creep or spoil the cable, since it does not have sharp bends, and the load on the cables is distributed evenly over the knot. After removing the load on the cable, this knot is easy to untie.

The name “flat knot” came into our maritime language from French. It was first introduced into his “Dictionary of Marine Terms” by the famous French shipbuilder Daniel Lascallier in 1783. But the knot was, of course, known to sailors of all countries long before that. We don’t know what it was called before. It has long been considered one of the most reliable knots for tying cables of different thicknesses. They even tied anchor hemp ropes and mooring lines.
Having eight weaves, the flat knot never gets too tight, does not creep or spoil the cable, since it does not have sharp bends, and the load on the cables is distributed evenly over the knot. After removing the load on the cable, this knot is easy to untie.
The principle of a flat knot lies in its shape: it is really flat, and this makes it possible to select the cables connected with it on the drums of capstans and windlass, on the welps of which its shape does not interfere with the even placement of subsequent hoses.

In maritime practice, there are two options for tying this knot: a loose knot with its free running ends tacked to the main or half-bayonets at their ends, and without such a tack when the knot is tightened. A flat knot tied in the first way (in this form it is called a “Josephine knot”) on two cables of different thicknesses almost does not change its shape even with very high traction and is easily untied when the load is removed. The second tying method is used for tying thinner cables than anchor and mooring ropes, and of the same or almost the same thickness. In this case, it is recommended to first tighten the tied flat knot by hand so that it does not twist during a sharp pull. After this, when a load is applied to the connected cable, the knot creeps and twists for some time, but when it stops, it holds firmly. It unties without much effort by shifting the loops covering the root ends.
As already mentioned, a flat knot has eight weaves of cables and it would seem that it can be tied in different ways - there are 256 different options for tying it. But practice shows that not every knot from this number, tied according to the principle of a flat knot (alternating intersection of opposite ends “under and over”), will hold securely. Ninety percent of them are unreliable, and some are even dangerous for tying ropes intended for heavy pulling. Its principle depends on changing the sequence of intersection of connected cables in a flat knot, and it is enough to change this sequence a little, and the knot acquires other - negative qualities.

In many textbooks and reference books on maritime practice, published in our country and abroad, the flat knot is depicted in different ways and in most cases incorrectly. This happens both due to the negligence of the authors and due to the fault of the graphs, which, when redrawing the diagram of a node from the author’s sketches in one color, cannot always make out whether the end goes above or below the other end. Here is one of the best forms of a flat knot, tested and tested in practice. The author deliberately does not present other acceptable variants of this node, so as not to distract the reader’s attention and not give him the opportunity to confuse the diagram of this node with any other. Before using this knot in practice for any important task, you must first remember its diagram exactly and connect the cables exactly according to it without any, even the most insignificant deviations. Only in this case will the flat knot serve you faithfully and not let you down.
This marine knot is indispensable for tying two cables (even steel ones, on which significant force will be applied, for example, when pulling out a heavy truck stuck half a wheel in the mud with a tractor).

Eight

This classic knot forms the basis of a dozen other, more complex knots for various purposes. It can be used as a stopper at the end of a cable (unlike a simple knot, it does not damage the cable even with strong traction and can always be easily untied) or, for example, for the rope handles of a wooden bucket or tub. You can even use a figure eight to fasten strings to the pegs of violins, guitars and other musical instruments.

Portuguese bowline

It is used when you need to tie two loops at one end at once. For example, to lift a wounded person, his legs are threaded into loops, and with the root end (when tying knots, the so-called running ends of the cables are used, and those ends around which the running ends are wrapped are called root ends) a half-bayonet is tied around the chest under the armpits. In this case, the person will not fall out, even if he is unconscious.

Improved Dagger Knot

In foreign rigging practice, this knot is considered one of the best knots for connecting two large diameter cables. It is not very complex in its design and is quite compact when tightened.

It is most convenient to tie it if you first lay the running end of the cable in the form of a figure 8 on top of the main one. After this, thread the extended running end of the second cable into the loops, pass it under the middle intersection of the figure eight and bring it above the second intersection of the first cable. Next, the running end of the second cable must be passed under the root end of the first cable and inserted into the figure eight loop, as the arrow indicates. When the knot is tightened, the two running ends of both cables stick out in different directions. The dagger knot is easy to untie if you loosen one of the outer loops.

Flemish loop

It is a strong and easily untied loop at the end of the cable, being tied in a figure eight on a cable folded in half. The Flemish loop is suitable for tying on both thick and thin cables. It almost does not weaken the strength of the cable. In addition to marine affairs, it can also be used for fastening strings of musical instruments.

Flemish knot

In fact, this is the same figure eight, but tied at both ends. The Flemish knot is one of the oldest maritime knots, used on ships to connect two cables, both thin and thick.

The Flemish knot is one of the oldest maritime knots, which has found application both at sea and on land. This type of knot also has a second name - counter figure eight. This knot originated in Europe approximately 800 years ago. This knot is quite strong and easy to untie and easily fastens both thick cables and ropes and thin ropes and threads.

We bend one end of the rope and make a loop, pass it under the main rope and make a second loop;
We thread the end of the rope into the first loop of the resulting figure eight;
We carry out similar actions, only in mirror image, with the end of the second rope;
If knitted correctly, you should get an intertwined figure eight;
Tighten the knot;
Flemish knot - ready!

Fisherman's bayonet

Over the five thousand years of navigation, people have not been able to come up with a more reliable knot for tying an anchor rope to an anchor than a fishing bayonet. This knot, proven by centuries of experience in maritime practice, can also be safely used in all cases when working with cables when they are subject to strong traction.
Read on Don "t Panic: http://dnpmag.com/2016/05/29/10-samyx-poleznyx-morskix-uzlov/

Stopper knot

This type of marine knot is designed to increase the diameter of the cable to prevent it from slipping out of the block, as it does not slip and holds securely. To make the locking knot even larger in size (for example, when the diameter of the hole through which the cable passes is much larger than the diameter of the cable), you can tie a knot with three loops. It can also be useful when you need to make a convenient handle at the end of the cable.

Noose

It has long been one of the most indispensable components in the sailing fleet. The noose was used to tie logs in the water for towing; it was used to load cylindrical objects; they loaded rails and telegraph poles. Moreover, this knot, proven by centuries of experience at sea, has long been used on the shore - it’s not for nothing that in many foreign languages ​​it is called a “forest knot” or “log knot.” A noose with half bayonets is a reliable and very strong knot that tightens exceptionally tightly around the object being lifted.

The ability to tie sea knots will be useful not only to sailors and fishermen, but also to travelers and even homebodies. There are more than five hundred varieties of sea knots in the world. The main and frequently used ones are 40 pieces.

First mention

Knot- this is a loop made around the gear, masts, spars and other ship elements, as well as certain connections of the ends of the cables with each other.

The history of its appearance goes back more than 6,000 years. The intricacies were invented by sailors who needed reliable fixation of parts of sailing ships, of which there were dozens. At the same time, the fastening must withstand enormous loads, storm jerks and be carried out as quickly as possible.

How are they used in fishing?

With the development of shipbuilding and the advent of steamships, the need for a huge number of cunning units disappeared. Nevertheless, many are used in amateur and professional sports, tourism and fishing. In the latter case, sea knots are used to:

• attach the bait to the spinning rod or hook to the fishing line;
• install the fishing line on the spool;
• moor a boat or longboat.

Basic Concepts You Need to Know

In order to quickly learn how to knit several basic sea knots, you should learn concepts and terms that will help you master this business. Since knitting technology involves the process of connecting in one way or another the edges of a cable, rope, fishing line, etc., you need to remember the following:

• Root end– part of the cable fixed motionless;
• Running end- loose, which is the main element when tying a knot.

Classification

Since nautical terminology, including when tying nautical knots, comes from foreign languages, you should know the following tying concepts:

• Knot- interlacing or connecting the running and root ends.
• Hitch– definition of a knot when tying its inner end to any object.
• Bend– connecting the running ends of two or more cables to produce one product.

Main types: Technique

Gazebo or bowline

The presented knot does not tighten under heavy loads and is easily untied. It is also popular for attaching sails to the spar on pleasure and sports boats, mooring and securing vessels. Because of its versatility, the bower is called the king of sea knots.

The technology for tying it is as follows:

• the running tip is tied into a small loop, which is made by bending the outer end;
• after threading into the loop, with a turn around the root and back, it is directed into the resulting loop;
• The diameter of the main loop is determined depending on the purpose of the unit, the length and volume of the load or other element.

Noose

This type is widely used for lifting various loads to a certain height. It is used in ports, construction, forestry and other areas of industrial and individual farming.

It is tied according to this pattern:

• the running tip needs to be wrapped around an object or load;
• then the outer (root) end is circled and several times around the running edge;
• on a cable of 3 strands, this operation is performed in the direction of lay;
• To securely fix a long object when lifted, use a noose with a hose, which is placed at some distance from the main unit.

Eight

It got its name thanks to its corresponding shape. It is classic and serves as a stopper for tackle and blocks. Easy to tie and untie even with a wet rope.

Technology:

• the chassis is wrapped around the outer end and pulled up to form a loop;
• the chassis, previously wound up for itself, is threaded into it;
• tightened with maximum force.

Straight

Known since ancient times, but not the most convenient and reliable. Used to connect two cables into one. When wet and tightly tightened, it is very difficult to untie.

Tying process:

• both running tips are brought out on the same side as the root tips to maintain symmetry. This point is important in the reliability of the knot, since failure to comply with this condition will allow the structure to be untied by pulling the main edges (“woman’s”) from different sides;
• tied by connecting the main ends moving relative to each other;
• To facilitate untying, use a type of straight knot with a loop at one of the running ends (reef).

Simple half bayonet

A reliable and widespread variation from a series of the same type. It differs in that with proper tying, unauthorized untying and excessive tightening are excluded.

How to knit:

• the running edge is drawn around the object;
• further, the same procedure is performed around the root, and the running edge is threaded into the formed loop.

Simple bayonet

A more complex version of the previous one. Its main area of ​​application is towing and mooring ships. The method of tying it is identical to the half-bayonet method. Or rather, combining them into one.

Three half-bayonets are quite enough for one option under consideration, since a larger number will not affect the strength in any way, and the option of 3 half-bayonets can withstand the load of a large ship.

Simple bayonet with hose

Its purpose and method of tying are identical to a simple bayonet. Due to the presence of an additional hose at the point where the cable is attached to the object, it is considered somewhat more reliable.

It is considered the most reliable and has been used for a long time. Its purpose is very important: holding the anchor and other important elements of the ship that are subject to strong thrust. Its second name is anchor.

The tying method is similar to a simple bayonet, only with two strands. Is as follows:

• two hoses are tied around the anchor bracket (without excessive force);
• further, the running tip is passed under the hoses;
• the knot is completed with one or two bayonets;
• The final action is to secure the root and main ends with a safety cable.

Californian

Used in fishing to attach nylon fishing line. It was invented by fishermen from California several decades ago, which is how it earned its name. It is used not only for attaching hooks, but also sinkers and swivels. It is considered quite reliable. The disadvantages include its small compactness.

A loop of fishing line is threaded into the eye of the hook, then wrapped around the root end and pulled through the resulting double loop.

Stepped

In fishing, it is used for hooks that do not have an eye. Many fishermen consider this tackle stronger than a standard hook. Just for such cases, a stepped one is used, which is made in the form of a tightening noose.

Leashed

There are 4 types, namely:

Deaf

It is distinguished among fishermen by its reliability and ease of tying. You should pull the end of the fishing line into the eye of the hook and throw it over to form a blind loop.

The presented knot is suitable for all types of fishing lines, and is also good for attaching sinkers.

One of the most reliable for eye hooks. The knitting technology has the following sequence:

• the running end is passed through the hook ring;
• wraps around the forend;
• the running edge is passed through the ring again to form a closed loop;
• further, it is carried around the root edge;
• for final tying, you need to pass the running end into the loop that covers the forend.

Shark's

Complex type. The knitting technique has the following sequence:

• before inserting the running end of the fishing line into the loop, bring the hoses closer to each other and tighten them tightly;
• hoses are pre-prepared around the root and running ends;
• This method is used, as a rule, for synthetic fishing line.

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conclusions

Sailors, fishermen, tourists, athletes (climbers, sailboats) and fans of extreme sports must certainly have the skills of tying sea knots.

It is not necessary to thoroughly study hundreds of types of sea knots. Knowing a few basic types is quite enough.

An ordinary person in everyday life would also benefit from knowing the technology of knitting at least 2-3 knots, because in life anything can happen.

Any sea knot must be tied tightly and reliably, because safety largely depends on this, and at the same time, so that at any time it can be easily untied if necessary.

What beginners should consider before training

1) root end - the fixed end of the cable;
2) the running end is free, i.e. the loose end from which all movements begin when knitting any of the knots.

In English terminology for maritime knots there is the following classification:

1) knot - knots that are characterized as interlacing or connecting the running end with the root;
2) bend - knots that are characterized as intertwining the running ends of two cables to combine into one;
3) hitch - knots that are characterized as attaching the running end to some object.

It is important for beginners in maritime affairs to master the basic types of knots that are most often used in practice, and on the basis of which it is easy to understand the principle of the formation of other varieties.

Main maritime nodes

Arbor knot/bowline- one of the most important maritime knots, which every sailor should master first. It contains elements of various marine knots, which makes it an almost universal knot, which is used for insurance, mooring, and for attaching the cable to the hook. Tying two cables with this sea knot is considered the most reliable. A significant advantage is that it can be used for cables of any diameter and made of any material. It knits easily, does not slip along the rope, is easy to untie, but at the same time it never comes undone and is especially reliable. Because of such versatility, the gazebo knot is often called the king of sea knots.

How to tie a bower knot:

1) create a loop from top to bottom;
2) pull the running end through the formed loop;
3) then pass the running end behind the main one and thread it through the loop again, after which the running end should end up in another loop;
4) tighten tightly.

Although the arbor knot is quite strong, untying it will also not be a problem; you just need to slightly move the loop of the running end in relation to the slightly weakened root end.

Eight- a typical classic sea knot, named after its shape. It is the basis of many knots and is commonly used as a stopper and securing knot. The main advantage of the figure eight is the ease of tying and untying, even when the cable gets wet.

How to tie a figure eight knot:

1) wrap the running end around the main end, and then pull it over it, thereby forming a loop;
2) pass the running end into the resulting loop, first bringing it behind you;
3) tighten tightly.

Straight knot- one of the oldest sea knots, which the ancient Greeks called Herculean knots. Its main purpose is to connect two cables of the same diameter. The straight knot is often used, but is far from the most reliable sea knot. Its main drawback is that it slips along the cable and becomes too tight under heavy loads or when wet, so in such cases it is better not to use it.

Tie a straight knot It’s quite simple: one running end is in one direction, the other in the other (if in one direction, you’ll get an unreliable so-called “woman’s” knot), and to untie you just need to pull the running and main ends in different directions.

A simple half bayonet and its more complex variations

Simple half bayonet- a widespread simple, non-tightening sea knot, which underlies more complex variations of this kind. To obtain it, you need to circle the running end around the object to which the cable will be attached, and then circle it around the root end and pass it through the resulting loop. Then the running end is attached to the main end. This unit is highly reliable and can withstand strong traction perfectly.

- a more complex version of a simple half-bayonet, which is formed from two such identical knots. Its main purpose is to secure mooring lines on piers and tow. Such a knot is formed by no more than three half-bayonets. A larger number will not in any way affect the strength and reliability of the knot, as eloquently evidenced by the English proverb, which states that three half-bayonets are enough even for a royal yacht.

Simple bayonet with hose- a sea knot, similar to a simple bayonet, with only one additional hose around the object to which the cable is attached. It is also used for mooring, especially during long stays, since it is more reliable than anything else.

Fishing bayonet/anchor knot- one of the oldest and most reliable units, which is used for attaching a cable to an anchor, as well as for all work with cables under the influence of strong traction. It is in many ways similar to a simple bayonet with a hose, only the first half-bayonet passes inside the hose, covering the fastening item.

It is important to develop such good skills in tying sea knots that even with your eyes closed you can easily tie the knot required in a particular situation, and practice in this matter is one of the main conditions for successfully mastering this art.

Currently, fleets use about forty different nodes. To the owner pleasure boat You don't need that many nodes. Here are the most frequently used and easiest to learn. maritime knots. From those offered, the navigator will select several and master them. He will use the knot if the tying technique is mastered to the point of automaticity, and for this he needs to train. Some concepts:

• Root end- the end of the cable, fixed motionless or not used when tying a knot; opposite to the running end;
• Running end- the loose free end of the cable, which begins to move when tying a knot.

Rice. 6.11. Stevedoring knot. It is a stopper for cables. When tightening, you need to make sure that the hoses at the root end do not twist and slip into the loop. If such a node tie at the end of the synthetic cable and the running end, cut off and melt, this will be a good stopper on the line, tied to a bucket or mop.

Rice. 6.12. Simple half bayonet- the simplest of non-tightening knots. A properly tied knot can withstand strong traction. He may move closer to the object, but he will never be drawn in.

Rice. 6.13. Simple bayonet: a - correctly tied; b - inverted (wrong). The main purpose is to secure the mooring ends to moorings, towing cars, etc. The British say: “Two half-bayonets saved the queen’s ship, and three half-bayonets are more than enough for the royal yacht.” Be careful to tie it correctly.

Rice. 6.14. Fishing bayonet (anchor knot). One of the most important cases of using a knot in maritime affairs is tying an anchor rope to an anchor. Recognized How the most reliable.

Rice. 6.15. Oak knot. They are used in exceptional cases when it is necessary to quickly connect two cables. A tightly tied knot is difficult to untie, especially if it gets wet. When working with a cable, it can get caught on various objects, somewhat weakening the overall strength of the gear.

Rice. 6.16. Flemish knot. Used to connect two cables, both thin and thick. The connection of two cables with this knot is considered very strong.

Rice. 6.17. Thief's knot. It differs from a straight knot in that the running ends extend diagonally.

Rice. 6.18. Clew knot. It is best used to attach the cable to a finished loop or thimble. When using a synthetic rope, which is more slippery than vegetable rope, it is recommended to knit with an additional hose. It should be remembered that if the tackle is not tensioned, it may become loose and come undone.

Rice. 6.19. Self-tightening knot. A force commensurate with the strength of the cable can be applied to the root end. It works when constant force is applied to the root end. With varying force it can come undone.

Rice. 6.20. Clove hitch: a - the first method of knitting; b - the second knitting method. It got its name due to the fact that on ships they have long been attached to the shrouds - transverse sections of tar cable that serve as steps for climbing the masts. This is a very reliable tightening knot that holds flawlessly as long as traction is applied to both ends of the cable. Works great when knitting bath brooms. To tighten, when the broom dries and the binding loosens, just pull the ends.

Rice. 6.21. Oak loop. The simplest loop of all non-tightening loops. It weakens the cable, but holds well on synthetic ropes. When tightened, it doesn't come loose easily.

Rice. 6.22. Noose: a - knitting pattern; b - knitting a noose with half bayonets. Lifting heavy objects with a noose without half bayonets is considered dangerous. The knot must be checked before each lift to ensure it is tight, because once the object is lowered to the ground, the knot becomes loose and the object may slip out.

Rice. 6.23. Gazebo node. It got its name from the sea gazebo on which a person goes overboard to paint, inspect the hull, etc. Known to the Egyptians and Phoenicians 3000 BC. e. Considered the king of knots. Versatile, easy to knit, does not tighten and is easy to untie.

Rice. 6.24. Barrel knot. This knot is used when you need to lift an open vessel vertically. At home, you can tie a glass jar and go buy milk. At the top, the cables can be tied with a straight knot.

Rice. 6.25. Scheme of fastening the mooring cable to the bollard during long-term mooring.

Rice. 6.26. Securing the mooring line to an occupied bollard or bollard. This method of securing a mooring cable makes it possible for several vessels to moor simultaneously without removing the ends of other cables from the bollard.