Catalunya figueres. What to see in the city of Figueres (Spain), besides the Salvador Dali Museum. When is the season? When is the best time to go

And incredible stories are written. Significant places for them become the most visited in the city and attract not only tourists, but also local residents who, step by step, explore the life paths of these characters. Who is one of Spain's most eccentric heroes? We'll give you a hint: he has an unusual mustache. Yes, that same strange and fantastically talented Salvador Dali! He glorified a small town in the province of Girona - Figueres, where he was born and spent a considerable part of his life. Today we are going for a walk around the city of Figueres, through symbolic places, to discover new details of Dali’s biography and feel the creative atmosphere that surrounded him.

House number 6 of this small street witnessed the birth of Salvador on May 11, 1904 and his childhood until he was 8 years old. His father’s notary office was also located here, which is now undergoing the process of becoming a museum. When Salvador was eight years old, the family moved to another house on the same street, built in the majestic style of modernism, where Dali had his first workshop. It is curious that the street where the creator of surrealism came into the world was also the birthplace of the inventor and engineer Narcís Monturiol and the poet Carles Fages de Climent. That's why this street is called the street of geniuses. Maybe its atmosphere will inspire you to create your own masterpiece!

• Address: Carrer de Sant Pere, 1.
• Contact information: http://www.mjc.cat/en/.

In this small church, the first mention of which dates back to 1020, little Salvador was baptized and he attended masses with his family. The church has gone through many changes and hardships: the original Roman architectural style over time turned more into Gothic. But the church was able to retain its baptismal font even after it was burned during the Civil War and continues to be an important religious site in Figueres to this day.

• Address: Carrer de l'Església, 8.

The main street of the city, as it should be, is filled with many shops, bars and restaurants. In the bars on this street, many creative people loved to watch the flow of people, choosing heroes for future masterpieces and being filled with a thick atmosphere of life. Salvador Dali is no exception. One of his favorite places was the Astoria cafe, where Dali could be found at the bar in the evenings. Since then, the interior of the cafe has undergone many changes, and photographs of the artist and some of his paintings have become a new important element of the decoration.

• Address: Rambla, 15.

Spain, Catalonia, Costa Brava, Dali Theater-Museum, what to see in Figueres, Spain

Undoubtedly, the main attraction of the city of Figueres is Dali Theater-Museum . It is thanks to this person that the town’s infrastructure is developing to this day. The tourist trail does not become overgrown here.

I won’t write much about the museum. Much has been written and rewritten about him. Well, to be honest, we just didn’t hit it. Alas, Monday is a day off at the museum. And this was exactly Monday. So we only looked at the house from the outside, although it is impressive from the outside.

A collection of outlandish sculptures in the courtyard; two faces of one building - on the one hand it is like this, and on the other it is like this.

Or these things glued to one of the walls. My wife assured me that this was exactly how Dali saw local Catalan bread, but I didn’t believe it. Who would believe that this is bread after seeing this...

By the way, when you find yourself in Figueres on Monday, you begin to understand all the advantages of this day. There are no frenzied tourist crowds, half-empty cafes, free entry to all other museums.

And also about the museum. Anyway, it's cool there. Dali in the originals - what more could you dream of! And there are many paintings by the great maestro:

“Soft Self-Portrait with Bacon”, “Atomic Leda”, “Galatea of ​​the Spheres”, “Bread Basket”, “The Phantom of Sexual Attraction”, etc. and so on. A must watch.

Practical advice for future visitors to the Theater-Museum: for an independent inspection, it is better to come in the morning (the Theater-Museum opens, depending on the time of year, from 9.00 to 10.30, details on the website “http://www.salvador-dali. org/museus/figueres/en"). Otherwise, a queue of several hundred meters is guaranteed.

Tickets are 12 euros for adults, 9 euros for students, pensioners and children (if you confirm your status with the appropriate paper).

Night visit (from 22.00 to 00.30) – 13 euros.

Sights of Figueres

Castle of Sant Ferran (XVIII century) - the second most important tourist attraction in Figueres. Well, if we talk about scale, then this is the largest military fortress with fortifications in Europe.

The Castle of Sant Ferran is located about a kilometer from the Dali House Museum.

The fortress is simply amazing. This is truly the labyrinth of the Minotaur. But he had to confront not the lone Greek heroes, but the thousands of French armies. The fortress was built as an outpost on the route from France to Spain.

Behind the giant walls, 6,000 soldiers and 2,000 horses could easily be accommodated. Even in residential premises, the ceilings are… 3 meters thick. And in our time, not every shell will penetrate such stone armor. And this despite the fact that living quarters were the least protected...

The total area of ​​the fortress is 32 hectares, and the perimeter of the walls is about three and a half kilometers.

A military garrison was located in the Sant Ferran fortress until the 90s of the last century, and in 1997 the fort was opened to the public. And now the boys are in shock. I don’t know how the girls feel after visiting the fortress, but I think that for any boy, Sant Ferran is the Klondike.

Severe bastions, kilometer-long underground stables carved into stone, giant parade grounds and miniature courtyards in the Arabic style shocked even me, who had experienced the world.

I don’t even know what to compare it to in terms of scale. Well, maybe Angkor Wat in Cambodia, no other way... How could it be otherwise, if only the underground stone cisterns of the Sant Ferran fortress hold over 40 million liters of water!!!

In general, it's better to see it once. Not a single photo will convey the global nature of the fortress. The main thing is not to get lost and have enough time. A few hours is not enough to see the fortress. It doesn't hurt to take some water with you for a snack.

At the entrance, when purchasing tickets (2 euros), you will be given a free audio guide. By the way, the tickets are sold by a Russian girl.

The audio guide is guided by points that are marked with signs. To avoid confusion, all points are marked on the excursion map with numbers (you will also be given a map at the entrance). The audio guide is included in the same 2 euros. This is the lowest ticket price we have paid in Spain.

Sights of Figueres

La Rambla- the main street of the city. A kind of another attraction of Figueres. There is shopping, cafes and beautiful architecture.

Interestingly, the boulevard arose above a river filled with pipes. At the beginning of the 19th century, citizens of Catalonia were not as clean as they are now and threw garbage into the river. So the city municipality, for hygienic reasons, decided to hide the river underground, which was done.

But now there are many unusual houses, beautiful and bright.

Sights of Figueres

Church of Sant Pere located near the Dali Museum.

A very beautiful and very ancient building. They say that its history begins almost in the 10th century. They also say that the interior of the church was simply amazing. Alas, during the civil war in Spain, the church burned down and nothing remained of its interior decoration. However, the church has not lost its external beauty.

Among the unusual things in the church you can see a painting by some modern artist “The Kingdom of Heaven”. A very unusual vision...

Sights of Figueres

Museum of Technology L, Empordà is located on a cozy street C. dels Fossos near Rambla. If you have children (or husbands like children), then this is definitely the place for you. Although the girls will not leave here without impressions: cars and machines, toys and machines, mechanical boxes, musical instruments, etc. Miracles for every taste.

Before moving on to phonetic analysis with examples, we draw your attention to the fact that letters and sounds in words are not always the same thing.

Letters- these are letters, graphic symbols, with the help of which the content of a text is conveyed or a conversation is outlined. Letters are used to visually convey meaning; we perceive them with our eyes. The letters can be read. When you read letters out loud, you form sounds - syllables - words.

A list of all letters is just an alphabet

Almost every schoolchild knows how many letters are in the Russian alphabet. That's right, there are 33 of them in total. The Russian alphabet is called the Cyrillic alphabet. The letters of the alphabet are arranged in a certain sequence:

Russian alphabet:

In total, the Russian alphabet uses:

• 21 letters for consonants;
• 10 letters - vowels;
• and two: ь (soft sign) and ъ (hard sign), which indicate properties, but do not themselves define any sound units.

You often pronounce sounds in phrases differently from how you write them in writing. In addition, a word may use more letters than sounds. For example, “children’s” - the letters “T” and “S” merge into one phoneme [ts]. And vice versa, the number of sounds in the word “blacken” is greater, since the letter “Yu” in this case is pronounced as [yu].

What is phonetic analysis?

We perceive spoken speech by ear. By phonetic analysis of a word we mean the characteristics of the sound composition. In the school curriculum, such analysis is more often called “sound-letter” analysis. So, with phonetic analysis, you simply describe the properties of sounds, their characteristics depending on the environment and the syllabic structure of a phrase united by a common word stress.

Phonetic transcription

For sound-letter parsing, a special transcription in square brackets is used. For example, it is correctly written:

• black -> [h"orny"]
• apple -> [yablaka]
• anchor -> [yakar"]
• Christmas tree -> [yolka]
• sun -> [sontse]

The phonetic parsing scheme uses special symbols. Thanks to this, it is possible to correctly designate and distinguish the letter notation (spelling) and the sound definition of letters (phonemes).

• The phonetically parsed word is enclosed in square brackets – ;
• a soft consonant is indicated by a transcription sign [’] - an apostrophe;
• percussive [´] - accent;
• in complex word forms from several roots, the secondary stress sign [`] - gravis is used (not practiced in the school curriculum);
• the letters of the alphabet Yu, Ya, E, Ё, ь and Ъ are NEVER used in transcription (in the curriculum);
• for doubled consonants, [:] is used - a sign of the longitude of the sound.

Below are detailed rules for orthoepic, alphabetic, phonetic and word analysis with online examples, in accordance with general school standards of the modern Russian language. Professional linguists' transcriptions of phonetic characteristics differ in accents and other symbols with additional acoustic features of vowel and consonant phonemes.

How to make a phonetic analysis of a word?

The following diagram will help you carry out letter analysis:

• Write down the necessary word and say it out loud several times.
• Count how many vowels and consonants there are in it.
• Indicate the stressed syllable. (Stress, using intensity (energy), distinguishes a certain phoneme in speech from a number of homogeneous sound units.)
• Divide the phonetic word into syllables and indicate their total number. Remember that syllable division in is different from the rules of transfer. The total number of syllables always matches the number of vowels.
• In the transcription, sort the word by sounds.
• Write the letters from the phrase in a column.
• Opposite each letter in square brackets, indicate its sound definition (how it is heard). Remember that sounds in words are not always identical to letters. The letters "ь" and "ъ" do not represent any sounds. The letters “e”, “e”, “yu”, “ya”, “i” can represent 2 sounds at once.
• Analyze each phoneme separately and indicate its properties separated by commas:
  • for a vowel we indicate in the characteristic: vowel sound; stressed or unstressed;
  • in the characteristics of consonants we indicate: consonant sound; hard or soft, voiced or deaf, sonorant, paired/unpaired in hardness-softness and sonority-dullness.
• At the end of the phonetic analysis of the word, draw a line and count the total number of letters and sounds.

This scheme is practiced in the school curriculum.

An example of phonetic analysis of a word

Here is a sample phonetic analysis of the composition for the word “phenomenon” → [yivl’e′n’ie]. In this example there are 4 vowels and 3 consonants. There are only 4 syllables: I-vle′-n-e. The emphasis falls on the second.

Sound characteristics of letters:

i [th] - acc., unpaired soft, unpaired voiced, sonorant [i] - vowel, unstressedv [v] - acc., paired hard, paired sound l [l'] - acc., paired soft., unpaired . sound, sonorant [e′] - vowel, stressed [n’] - consonant, paired soft, unpaired sound, sonorant and [i] - vowel, unstressed [th] - consonant, unpaired. soft, unpaired sound, sonorant [e] - vowel, unstressed________________________In total, the word phenomenon has 7 letters, 9 sounds. The first letter “I” and the last “E” each represent two sounds.

Now you know how to do sound-letter analysis yourself. The following is a classification of sound units of the Russian language, their relationships and transcription rules for sound-letter parsing.

Phonetics and sounds in Russian

What sounds are there?

All sound units are divided into vowels and consonants. Vowel sounds, in turn, can be stressed or unstressed. The consonant sound in Russian words can be: hard - soft, voiced - deaf, hissing, sonorous.

How many sounds are there in Russian living speech?

The correct answer is 42.

Doing phonetic analysis online, you will find that 36 consonant sounds and 6 vowels are involved in word formation. Many people have a reasonable question: why is there such a strange inconsistency? Why does the total number of sounds and letters differ for both vowels and consonants?

All this is easily explained. A number of letters, when participating in word formation, can denote 2 sounds at once. For example, softness-hardness pairs:

• [b] - cheerful and [b’] - squirrel;
• or [d]-[d’]: home - to do.

And some do not have a pair, for example [h’] will always be soft. If you doubt it, try to say it firmly and make sure it is impossible: stream, pack, spoon, black, Chegevara, boy, little rabbit, bird cherry, bees. Thanks to this practical solution, our alphabet has not reached dimensionless proportions, and the sound units are optimally complemented, merging with each other.

Vowel sounds in Russian words

Vowel sounds Unlike consonants, they are melodic; they flow freely, as if in a chant, from the larynx, without barriers or tension of the ligaments. The louder you try to pronounce the vowel, the wider you will have to open your mouth. And vice versa, the louder you try to pronounce a consonant, the more energetically you will close your mouth. This is the most striking articulatory difference between these phoneme classes.

The stress in any word form can only fall on the vowel sound, but there are also unstressed vowels.

How many vowel sounds are there in Russian phonetics?

Russian speech uses fewer vowel phonemes than letters. There are only six shock sounds: [a], [i], [o], [e], [u], [s]. And let us remind you that there are ten letters: a, e, e, i, o, u, y, e, i, yu. The vowels E, E, Yu, I are not “pure” sounds in transcription are not used. Often, when parsing words by letter, the emphasis falls on the listed letters.

Phonetics: characteristics of stressed vowels

The main phonemic feature of Russian speech is the clear pronunciation of vowel phonemes in stressed syllables. Stressed syllables in Russian phonetics are distinguished by the force of exhalation, increased duration of sound and are pronounced undistorted. Since they are pronounced clearly and expressively, sound analysis of syllables with stressed vowel phonemes is much easier to carry out. The position in which the sound does not undergo changes and retains its basic form is called strong position. This position can only be occupied by a stressed sound and a syllable. Unstressed phonemes and syllables remain in a weak position.

• The vowel in a stressed syllable is always in a strong position, that is, it is pronounced more clearly, with the greatest strength and duration.
• A vowel in an unstressed position is in a weak position, that is, it is pronounced with less force and not so clearly.

In the Russian language, only one phoneme “U” retains unchangeable phonetic properties: kuruza, tablet, u chus, u lov - in all positions it is pronounced clearly as [u]. This means that the vowel “U” is not subject to qualitative reduction. Attention: in writing, the phoneme [y] can also be indicated by another letter “U”: muesli [m’u ´sl’i], key [kl’u ´ch’], etc.

Analysis of the sounds of stressed vowels

The vowel phoneme [o] occurs only in a strong position (under stress). In such cases, “O” is not subject to reduction: cat [ko´ t'ik], bell [kalako´ l'ch'yk], milk [malako´], eight [vo´ s'im'], search [paisko´ vaya], dialect [go´ var], autumn [o´ s'in'].

An exception to the rule of a strong position for “O”, when the unstressed [o] is also pronounced clearly, are only some foreign words: cocoa [kaka "o], patio [pa"tio], radio [ra"dio], boa [bo a "] and a number of service units, for example, the conjunction but. The sound [o] in writing can be reflected by another letter “ё” - [o]: thorn [t’o´ rn], fire [kas’t’o´ r]. It will also not be difficult to analyze the sounds of the remaining four vowels in the stressed position.

Unstressed vowels and sounds in Russian words

It is possible to make a correct sound analysis and accurately determine the characteristics of a vowel only after placing stress in the word. Do not forget also about the existence of homonymy in our language: za"mok - zamo"k and about the change in phonetic qualities depending on the context (case, number):

• I'm home [ya do "ma].
• New houses [no "vye da ma"].

IN unstressed position the vowel is modified, that is, pronounced differently than written:

• mountains - mountain = [go "ry] - [ga ra"];
• he - online = [o "n] - [a nla"yn]
• witness line = [sv’id’e “t’i l’n’itsa].

Such changes in vowels in unstressed syllables are called reduction. Quantitative, when the duration of the sound changes. And high-quality reduction, when the characteristics of the original sound change.

The same unstressed vowel letter can change its phonetic characteristics depending on its position:

• primarily relative to the stressed syllable;
• at the absolute beginning or end of a word;
• in open syllables (consisting of only one vowel);
• on the influence of neighboring signs (ь, ъ) and consonant.

Yes, it varies 1st degree of reduction. It is subject to:

• vowels in the first pre-stressed syllable;
• naked syllable at the very beginning;
• repeated vowels.

Note: To make a sound-letter analysis, the first pre-stressed syllable is determined not from the “head” of the phonetic word, but in relation to the stressed syllable: the first to the left of it. In principle, it can be the only pre-shock: not-here [n’iz’d’e’shn’ii].

(uncovered syllable)+(2-3 pre-stressed syllable)+ 1st pre-stressed syllable ← Stressed syllable → over-stressed syllable (+2/3 over-stressed syllable)

• vper-re -di [fp’ir’i d’i´];
• e -ste-ste-st-no [yi s’t’e´s’t’v’in:a];

Any other pre-stressed syllables and all post-stressed syllables during sound analysis are classified as reduction of the 2nd degree. It is also called a “weak position of the second degree.”

• kiss [pa-tsy-la-va´t’];
• model [ma-dy-l’i´-ra-vat’];
• swallow [la´-sta -ch’ka];
• kerosene [k'i-ra-s'i´-na-vy].

The reduction of vowels in a weak position also differs in stages: second, third (after hard and soft consonants - this is outside the curriculum): learn [uch'i´ts:a], become numb [atsyp'in'e´t '], hope [nad'e´zhda]. During letter analysis, the reduction of the vowel in the weak position in the final open syllable (= at the absolute end of the word) will appear very slightly:

• cup;
• goddess;
• with songs;
• turn.

Sound-letter analysis: iotized sounds

Phonetically, the letters E - [ye], Yo - [yo], Yu - [yu], Ya - [ya] often mean two sounds at once. Have you noticed that in all the indicated cases the additional phoneme is “Y”? That is why these vowels are called iotized. The meaning of the letters E, E, Yu, I is determined by their positional position.

When analyzed phonetically, the vowels e, e, yu, i form 2 sounds:

◊ Yo - [yo], Yu - [yu], E - [ye], I - [ya] in cases where there are:

• At the beginning of the words “Yo” and “Yu” are always:
  • - shudder [yo´ zhyts:a], Christmas tree [yo´ lach’nyy], hedgehog [yo´ zhyk], container [yo´ mcast’];
  • - jeweler [yuv ’il’i´r], top [yu la´], skirt [yu´ pka], Jupiter [yu p’i´t’ir], nimbleness [yu ´rkas’t’];
• at the beginning of the words “E” and “I” only under stress*:
  • - spruce [ye´ l’], travel [ye´ w:u], huntsman [ye´ g’ir’], eunuch [ye´ vnukh];
  • - yacht [ya´ hta], anchor [ya´ kar’], yaki [ya´ ki], apple [ya´ blaka];
  • (*to perform sound-letter analysis of the unstressed vowels “E” and “I”, a different phonetic transcription is used, see below);
• in the position immediately after the vowel “Yo” and “Yu” always. But “E” and “I” are in stressed and unstressed syllables, except in cases where these letters are located after a vowel in the 1st pre-stressed syllable or in the 1st, 2nd unstressed syllable in the middle of words. Phonetic analysis online and examples in specified cases:
  • - receiver [pr’iyo´mn’ik], sings t [payo´t], klyyo t [kl’uyo ´t];
  • -ayu rveda [ayu r’v’e´da], I sing t [payu ´t], melt [ta´yu t], cabin [kayu ´ta],
• after the dividing solid “Ъ” the sign “Ё” and “Yu” - always, and “E” and “I” only under stress or at the absolute end of the word: - volume [ab yo´m], shooting [syo´mka], adjutant [adyu "ta´nt]
• after the dividing soft “b” the sign “Ё” and “Yu” is always, and “E” and “I” are under stress or at the absolute end of the word: - interview [intyrv'yu´], trees [d'ir'e´ v'ya], friends [druz'ya´], brothers [bra´t'ya], monkey [ab'iz'ya´ na], blizzard [v'yu´ ga], family [s'em'ya´ ]

As you can see, in the phonemic system of the Russian language, stress is of decisive importance. Vowels in unstressed syllables undergo the greatest reduction. Let's continue the sound-letter analysis of the remaining iotized ones and see how they can still change characteristics depending on the environment in the words.

◊ Unstressed vowels“E” and “I” designate two sounds and in phonetic transcription and are written as [YI]:

• at the very beginning of the word:
  • - unity [yi d'in'e´n'i'ye], spruce [yil´vyy], blackberry [yizhiv'i´ka], him [yivo´], fidget [yigaza´], Yenisei [yin'is 'e´y], Egypt [yig'i´p'it];
  • - January [yi nvarskiy], core [yidro´], sting [yiz'v'i´t'], label [yirly´k], Japan [yipo´n'iya], lamb [yign'o´nak ];
  • (The only exceptions are rare foreign word forms and names: Caucasoid [ye vrap'io´idnaya], Evgeniy [ye] vgeny, European [ye vrap'e´yits], diocese [ye] pa´rkhiya, etc.).
• immediately after a vowel in the 1st pre-stressed syllable or in the 1st, 2nd post-stressed syllable, except for the location at the absolute end of the word.
  • in a timely manner [svai vr'e´m'ina], trains [payi zda´], let's eat [payi d'i´m], run into [nayi w:a´t'], Belgian [b'il'g'i´ yi c], students [uch'a´sh'iyi s'a], with sentences [pr'idlazhe´n'iyi m'i], vanity [suyi ta´],
  • bark [la´yi t'], pendulum [ma´yi tn'ik], hare [za´yi c], belt [po´yi s], declare [zayi v'i´t'], show [prayi in 'l'u´]
• after the dividing hard “Ъ” or soft “b” sign: - intoxicating [p'yi n'i´t], express [izyi v'i´t'], announcement [abyi vl'e´n'iye], edible [syi dobny].

Note: The St. Petersburg phonological school is characterized by “ecane”, and the Moscow school is characterized by “hiccup”. Previously, the iotrated “Yo” was pronounced with a more accented “Ye”. When changing capitals, performing sound-letter analysis, they adhere to Moscow norms in orthoepy.

Some people in fluent speech pronounce the vowel “I” the same way in syllables with a strong and weak position. This pronunciation is considered a dialect and is not literary. Remember, the vowel “I” under stress and without stress is voiced differently: fair [ya ´marka], but egg [yi ytso´].

Important:

The letter “I” after the soft sign “b” also represents 2 sounds - [YI] in sound-letter analysis. (This rule is relevant for syllables in both strong and weak positions). Let's conduct a sample of online sound-letter analysis: - nightingales [salav'yi´], on chicken legs [na ku´r'yi' x" no´shkah], rabbit [kro´l'ich'yi], no family [s'im 'yi´], judges [su´d'yi], draws [n'ich'yi´], streams [ruch'yi´], foxes [li´s'yi]. But: Vowel “O” after a soft sign “b” is transcribed as an apostrophe of softness ['] of the preceding consonant and [O], although when pronouncing the phoneme, iotization can be heard: broth [bul'o´n], pavilion n [pav'il'o´n], similarly: postman n , champignon n, chignon n, companion n, medallion n, battalion n, guillot tina, carmagno la, mignon n and others.

Phonetic analysis of words, when the vowels “Yu” “E” “E” “I” form 1 sound

According to the rules of phonetics of the Russian language, at a certain position in words, the designated letters give one sound when:

• sound units “Yo” “Yu” “E” are under stress after an unpaired consonant in hardness: zh, sh, ts. Then they represent phonemes:
  • ё - [o],
  • e - [e],
  • yu - [y].
  Examples of online analysis by sounds: yellow [zho´ lty], silk [sho´ lk], whole [tse´ ly], recipe [r'itse´ pt], pearls [zhe´ mch'uk], six [she´ st '], hornet [she'rshen'], parachute [parashu't];
• The letters “I” “Yu” “E” “E” and “I” indicate the softness of the preceding consonant [’]. Exception only for: [f], [w], [c]. In such cases in a striking position they form one vowel sound:
  • ё – [o]: ticket [put'o´ fka], easy [l'o´ hk'iy], honey fungus [ap'o´ nak], actor [akt'o´ r], child [r'ib' o´nak];
  • e – [e]: seal [t’ul’e´ n’], mirror [z’e’ rkala], smarter [umn’e´ ye], conveyor [kanv’e´ yir];
  • I – [a]: kittens [kat'a´ ta], softly [m'a´ hka], oath [kl'a´ tva], took [vz'a´ l], mattress [t'u f'a ´ k], swan [l'ib'a´ zhy];
  • yu – [y]: beak [kl'u´ f], people [l'u´ d'am], gateway [shl'u´ s], tulle [t'u´ l'], suit [kas't 'mind].
  • Note: in words borrowed from other languages, the stressed vowel “E” does not always signal the softness of the previous consonant. This positional softening ceased to be a mandatory norm in Russian phonetics only in the 20th century. In such cases, when you do a phonetic analysis of the composition, such a vowel sound is transcribed as [e] without a preceding apostrophe of softness: hotel [ate´ l'], strap [br'ite´ l'ka], test [te´ st] , tennis [te´ n:is], cafe [cafe´], puree [p'ure´], amber [ambre´], delta [de´ l'ta], tender [te´ nder], masterpiece [shede´ vr], tablet [table´ t].
• Attention! After soft consonants in prestressed syllables the vowels “E” and “I” undergo qualitative reduction and are transformed into the sound [i] (except for [ts], [zh], [sh]). Examples of phonetic analysis of words with similar phonemes: - grain [z'i rno´], earth [z'i ml'a´], cheerful [v'i s'o´ly], ringing [z'v 'i n'i´t], forest [l'i sno´y], blizzard [m'i t'e´l'itsa], feather [p'i ro´], brought [pr' in'i sla´], knit [v'i za´t'], lie [l'i ga´t'], five grater [p'i t'o´rka]

Phonetic analysis: consonants of the Russian language

There is an absolute majority of consonants in the Russian language. When pronouncing a consonant sound, the air flow encounters obstacles. They are formed by organs of articulation: teeth, tongue, palate, vibrations of the vocal cords, lips. Due to this, noise, hissing, whistling or ringing appears in the voice.

How many consonants are there in Russian speech?

In the alphabet they are designated by 21 letters. However, when performing sound-letter analysis, you will find that in Russian phonetics consonant sounds more, namely 36.

Sound-letter analysis: what are the consonant sounds?

In our language there are consonants:

• hard - soft and form the corresponding pairs:
  • [b] - [b’]: b anan - b tree,
  • [in] - [in’]: in height - in yun,
  • [g] - [g’]: city - duke,
  • [d] - [d’]: dacha - dolphin,
  • [z] - [z’]: z von - z ether,
  • [k] - [k’]: k onfeta - to enguru,
  • [l] - [l’]: boat - l lux,
  • [m] - [m’]: magic - dreams,
  • [n] - [n’]: new - nectar,
  • [p] - [p’]: p alma- p yosik,
  • [r] - [r’]: daisy - row of poison,
  • [s] - [s’]: with uvenir - with urpriz,
  • [t] - [t’]: tuchka - t ulpan,
  • [f] - [f’]: f lag - f February,
  • [x] - [x’]: x orek - x seeker.
• Certain consonants do not have a hard-soft pair. Unpaired ones include:
  • sounds [zh], [ts], [sh] - always hard (zhzn, tsikl, mouse);
  • [ch’], [sch’] and [th’] are always soft (daughter, more often than not, yours).
• The sounds [zh], [ch’], [sh], [sh’] in our language are called hissing.

A consonant can be voiced - voiceless, as well as sonorous and noisy.

You can determine the voicedness-voicelessness or sonority of a consonant by the degree of noise-voice. These characteristics will vary depending on the method of formation and the participation of the organs of articulation.

• Sonorant (l, m, n, r, y) are the most sonorous phonemes, in them a maximum of voices and a few noises are heard: l ev, rai, n o l.
• If, when pronouncing a word during sound parsing, both a voice and noise are formed, it means that you have a voiced consonant (g, b, z, etc.): plant, b people, life.
• When pronouncing voiceless consonants (p, s, t and others), the vocal cords do not tense, only noise is made: st opka, fishka, k ost yum, tsirk, sew up.

Note: In phonetics, consonant sound units also have a division according to the nature of formation: stop (b, p, d, t) - gap (zh, w, z, s) and method of articulation: labiolabial (b, p, m) , labiodental (f, v), anterior lingual (t, d, z, s, c, g, w, sch, h, n, l, r), midlingual (th), posterior lingual (k, g, x) . The names are given based on the organs of articulation that are involved in sound production.

Tip: If you're just starting to practice spelling words phonetically, try placing your hands on your ears and saying the phoneme. If you were able to hear a voice, then the sound being studied is a voiced consonant, but if noise is heard, then it is voiceless.

Hint: For associative communication, remember the phrases: “Oh, we didn’t forget our friend.” - this sentence contains absolutely the entire set of voiced consonants (excluding softness-hardness pairs). “Styopka, do you want to eat some soup? - Fi! - similarly, the indicated replicas contain a set of all voiceless consonants.

Positional changes of consonants in Russian

The consonant sound, just like the vowel, undergoes changes. The same letter phonetically can represent a different sound, depending on the position it occupies. In the flow of speech, the sound of one consonant is compared to the articulation of a consonant located next to it. This effect makes pronunciation easier and is called assimilation in phonetics.

Positional stun/voicing

In a certain position for consonants, the phonetic law of assimilation according to deafness and voicedness applies. The voiced paired consonant is replaced by a voiceless one:

• at the absolute end of a phonetic word: but [no´sh], snow [s’n’e´k], garden [agaro´t], club [klu´p];
• before voiceless consonants: forget-me-not a [n’izabu´t ka], obkh vatit [apkh vat’i´t’], Tuesday [ft o´rn’ik], tube a [corpse a].
• doing a sound-letter analysis online, you will notice that the voiceless paired consonant standing before the voiced one (except for [th'], [v] - [v'], [l] - [l'], [m] - [m'] , [n] - [n'], [r] - [r']) is also voiced, that is, replaced by its voiced pair: surrender [zda´ch'a], mowing [kaz'ba´], threshing [malad 'ba´], request [pro´z'ba], guess [adgada´t'].

In Russian phonetics, a voiceless noisy consonant does not combine with a subsequent voiced noisy consonant, except for the sounds [v] - [v’]: whipped cream. In this case, the transcription of both the phoneme [z] and [s] is equally acceptable.

When parsing the sounds of words: total, today, today, etc., the letter “G” is replaced by the phoneme [v].

According to the rules of sound-letter analysis, in the endings “-ого”, “-го” of adjectives, participles and pronouns, the consonant “G” is transcribed as the sound [в]: red [kra´snava], blue [s'i´n'iva] , white [b'e´lava], sharp, full, former, that, that, whom. If, after assimilation, two consonants of the same type are formed, they merge. In the school curriculum on phonetics, this process is called consonant contraction: separate [ad:'il'i´t'] → the letters “T” and “D” are reduced into sounds [d'd'], besh smart [b'ish: u ´much]. When analyzing the composition of a number of words in sound-letter analysis, dissimilation is observed - the opposite process to assimilation. In this case, the common feature of two adjacent consonants changes: the combination “GK” sounds like [xk] (instead of the standard [kk]): light [l'o′kh'k'ii], soft [m'a′kh' k'ii].

Soft consonants in Russian

In the phonetic parsing scheme, an apostrophe [’] is used to indicate the softness of consonants.

• Softening of paired hard consonants occurs before “b”;
• the softness of the consonant sound in a syllable in writing will help determine the vowel letter that follows it (e, ё, i, yu, i);
• [ш'], [ч'] and [й] are only soft by default;
• The sound [n] is always softened before soft consonants “Z”, “S”, “D”, “T”: claim [pr'iten'z 'iya], review [r'itseen'z 'iya], pension [pen 's' iya], ve[n'z'] el, licé[n'z'] iya, ka[n'd'] idat, ba[n'd'] it, i[n'd'] ivid , blo[n'd']in, stipe[n'd']iya, ba[n't']ik, vi[n't']ik, zo[n't']ik, ve[n' t'] il, a[n't'] ical, co[n't'] text, remo[n't'] edit;
• the letters “N”, “K”, “P” during phonetic analysis of their composition can be softened before the soft sounds [ch'], [sch']: glass ik [staka'n'ch'ik], smenschik ik [sm'e ′n'sch'ik], donch ik [po'n'ch'ik], mason ik [kam'e'n'sch'ik], boulevard [bul'va'r'sh'ina], borscht [ borsch'];
• often the sounds [з], [с], [р], [н] before a soft consonant undergo assimilation in terms of hardness-softness: wall [s't'e′nka], life [zhyz'n'], here [ z'd'es'];
• in order to correctly perform sound-letter analysis, take into account the exception words when the consonant [p] before soft dental and labial ones, as well as before [ch’], [sch’] is pronounced firmly: artel, feed, cornet, samovar;

Note: the letter “b” after a consonant unpaired in hardness/softness in some word forms performs only a grammatical function and does not impose a phonetic load: study, night, mouse, rye, etc. In such words, during letter analysis, a [-] dash is placed in square brackets opposite the letter “b”.

Positional changes in paired voiced-voiceless consonants before hissing consonants and their transcription during sound-letter parsing

To determine the number of sounds in a word, it is necessary to take into account their positional changes. Paired voiced-voiceless: [d-t] or [z-s] before sibilants (zh, sh, shch, h) are phonetically replaced by a sibilant consonant.

• Literal analysis and examples of words with hissing sounds: arrival [pr'ie'zhzh ii], ascend [vashsh e´st'iye], izzh elta [i´zh elta], take pity [zh a´l'its: A].

The phenomenon when two different letters are pronounced as one is called complete assimilation in all respects. When performing sound-letter analysis of a word, you must denote one of the repeated sounds in the transcription with the longitude symbol [:].

• Letter combinations with a hissing “szh” - “zzh” are pronounced like a double hard consonant [zh:], and “ssh” - “zsh” - like [sh:]: squeezed, sewed, without a splint, climbed in.
• The combinations “zzh”, “zhzh” inside the root, when parsed in letters and sounds, are written in transcription as a long consonant [zh:]: I ride, I squeal, later, reins, yeast, zhzhenka.
• The combinations “sch”, “zch” at the junction of a root and a suffix/prefix are pronounced as a long soft [sch’:]: account [sch’: o´t], scribe, customer.
• At the junction of the preposition with the following word in place of “sch”, “zch” is transcribed as [sch'ch']: without number [b'esh' ch' isla´], with something [sch'ch' e'mta] .
• During sound-letter analysis, the combinations “tch”, “dch” at the junction of morphemes are defined as double soft [ch':]: pilot [l'o´ch': ik], good fellow [little-ch': ik], report [ach': o´t].

Cheat sheet for comparing consonant sounds by place of formation

• сч → [ш':] : happiness [ш': а´с'т'е], sandstone [п'ish': а´н'ik], peddler [vari´sch': ik], paving stones, calculations, exhaust, clear;
• zch → [sch’:]: carver [r’e’sch’: ik], loader [gru’sch’: ik], storyteller [raska’sch’: ik];
• zhch → [sch’:]: defector [p’ir’ibe´ sch’: ik], man [musch’: i´na];
• shch → [sch’:]: freckled [in’isnu’sch’: ity];
• stch → [sch’:]: tougher [zho’sch’: e], biting, rigger;
• zdch → [sch’:]: roundabout [abye’sch’: ik], furrowed [baro’sch’: ity];
• ssch → [sch’:]: split [rasch’: ip’i′t’], became generous [rasch’: e’dr’ils’a];
• thsch → [ch'sch']: to split off [ach'sch' ip'i′t'], to snap off [ach'sch' o´lk'ivat'], in vain [ch'sch' etna], carefully [ch' sch' at'el'na];
• tch → [ch’:]: report [ach’: o′t], fatherland [ach’: i′zna], ciliated [r’is’n’i′ch’: i′ty];
• dch → [ch’:] : emphasize [pach’: o’rk’ivat’], stepdaughter [pach’: ir’itsa];
• szh → [zh:]: compress [zh: a´t’];
• zzh → [zh:]: get rid of [izh: y´t’], kindle [ro´zh: yk], leave [uyizh: a´t’];
• ssh → [sh:]: brought [pr’in’o′sh: y], embroidered [rash: y’ty];
• zsh → [sh:]: lower [n’ish: s′y]
• th → [pcs], in word forms with “what” and its derivatives, doing a sound-letter analysis, we write [pcs]: so that [pcs] , for nothing [n'e′ zasht a], something [ sht o n'ibut'], something;
• th → [h't] in other cases of letter parsing: dreamer [m'ich't a´t'il'], mail [po´ch't a], preference [pr'itpach't 'e´n' ie] etc;
• chn → [shn] in exception words: of course [kan'e´shn a′], boring [sku´shn a′], bakery, laundry, scrambled eggs, trifling, birdhouse, bachelorette party, mustard plaster, rag, as well as in female patronymics ending in “-ichna”: Ilyinichna, Nikitichna, Kuzminichna, etc.;
• chn → [ch'n] - letter analysis for all other options: fabulous [ska´zach'n y], dacha [da´ch'n y], strawberry [z'im'l'in'i´ch'n y], wake up, cloudy, sunny, etc.;
• !zhd → in place of the letter combination “zhd”, double pronunciation and transcription [sch’] or [sht’] is allowed in the word rain and in the word forms derived from it: rainy, rainy.

Unpronounceable consonants in Russian words

During the pronunciation of an entire phonetic word with a chain of many different consonant letters, one or another sound may be lost. As a result, in the spelling of words there are letters devoid of sound meaning, the so-called unpronounceable consonants. To correctly perform phonetic analysis online, the unpronounceable consonant is not displayed in the transcription. The number of sounds in such phonetic words will be less than letters.

In Russian phonetics, unpronounceable consonants include:

• "T" - in combinations:
  • stn → [sn]: local [m’e´sn y], reed [tras’n ’i´k]. By analogy, one can perform a phonetic analysis of the words staircase, honest, famous, joyful, sad, participant, messenger, rainy, furious and others;
  • stl → [sl]: happy [sh':asl 'i´vyy"], happy, conscientious, boastful (exception words: bony and postlat, in them the letter “T” is pronounced);
  • ntsk → [nsk]: gigantic [g'iga´nsk 'ii], agency, presidential;
  • sts → [s:]: sixs from [shes: o´t], to eat up [take´s: a], to swear I [kl’a´s: a];
  • sts → [s:]: tourist [tur'i´s: k'iy], maximalist cue [max'imal'i´s: k'iy], racist cue [ras'i´s: k'iy] , bestseller, propaganda, expressionist, Hindu, careerist;
  • ntg → [ng]: x-ray en [r’eng ’e´n];
  • “–tsya”, “–tsya” → [ts:] in verb endings: smile [smile´ts: a], wash [my´ts: a], looks, will do, bow, shave, fit;
  • ts → [ts] for adjectives in combinations at the junction of a root and a suffix: childish [d’e´ts k’ii], bratskiy [bratskyi];
  • ts → [ts:] / [tss]: athlete [sparts: m’e´n], send [atss yla´t’];
  • tts → [ts:] at the junction of morphemes during phonetic analysis online is written as a long “ts”: bratz a [bra´ts: a], father epit [ats: yp'i´t'], to father u [k atz: y´];
• “D” - when parsing by sounds in the following letter combinations:
  • zdn → [zn]: late [z'n'y], star [z'v'ozn'y], holiday [pra'z'n'ik], free [b'izvazm' e′know];
  • ndsh → [nsh]: mundsh tuk [munsh tu´k], landsh aft [lansh a´ft];
  • NDsk → [NSK]: Dutch [Galansk ’ii], Thai [Thailansk ’ii], Norman [Narmansk ’ii];
  • zdts → [ss]: under the bridles [fall uss s´];
  • ndc → [nts]: Dutch [galans];
  • rdc → [rts]: heart [s’e´rts e], serdts evin [s’irts yv’i´na];
  • rdch → [rch"]: heart ishko [s’erch ’i´shka];
  • dts → [ts:] at the junction of morphemes, less often in roots, are pronounced and when parsed soundly, the word is written as double [ts]: pick up [pats: yp'i´t'], twenty [dva´ts: yt'] ;
  • ds → [ts]: factory [zavac ko´y], rods tvo [rac tvo´], means [sr’e´ts tva], Kislovods k [k’islavo´ts k];
• “L” - in combinations:
  • sun → [nz]: sun [so´nts e], solar state;
• “B” - in combinations:
  • vstv → [stv] literal analysis of words: hello [hello, go away], feelings about [ch's'tva], sensuality [ch'us'tv 'inas't'], pampering about [pampering o´], virgin [d'e´stv 'in:y].

Note: In some words of the Russian language, when there is a cluster of consonant sounds “stk”, “ntk”, “zdk”, “ndk” the loss of the phoneme [t] is not allowed: trip [payestka], daughter-in-law, typist, summons, laboratory assistant, student , patient, bulky, Irish, Scottish.

• When parsing letters, two identical letters immediately after the stressed vowel are transcribed as a single sound and a longitude symbol [:]: class, bath, mass, group, program.
• Doubled consonants in pre-stressed syllables are indicated in transcription and pronounced as one sound: tunnel [tane´l’], terrace, apparatus.

If you find it difficult to perform phonetic analysis of a word online according to the indicated rules, or you have an ambiguous analysis of the word being studied, use the help of a reference dictionary. Literary norms of orthoepy are regulated by the publication: “Russian literary pronunciation and stress. Dictionary - reference book." M. 1959

References:

• Litnevskaya E.I. Russian language: short theoretical course for schoolchildren. – MSU, M.: 2000
• Panov M.V. Russian phonetics. – Enlightenment, M.: 1967
• Beshenkova E.V., Ivanova O.E. Rules of Russian spelling with comments.
• Tutorial. – “Institute for Advanced Training of Education Workers”, Tambov: 2012
• Rosenthal D.E., Dzhandzhakova E.V., Kabanova N.P. Handbook of spelling, pronunciation, literary editing. Russian literary pronunciation. – M.: CheRo, 1999

Now you know how to parse a word into sounds, make a sound-letter analysis of each syllable and determine their number. The described rules explain the laws of phonetics in the school curriculum format. They will help you phonetically characterize any letter.

Get to Figueres It is more convenient from Barcelona by train, from the Barcelona-Sants station. Trains run quite frequently. The cost of a round-trip ticket is approximately 18-22 euros. There are buses from Figueres; it is better to check the schedule in advance.
There is a tourist desk in the Figueres train station where you can get a free map of the city. You can ask employees to mark important landmarks on the map. One of them awaits you on the station square - this is an unusual sculpture personifying the Catalan wind “Tramontina”.

Figueres- a small town, famous primarily for the fact that Salvador Dali was born and lived here.
And therefore, all the sights of the city, one way or another, are connected with his name.

First of all, this is, of course, Theater-Museum of Salvador Dali. It was founded in 1974 in the building of the city theater.

Now, instead of the former parterre, there is a garden where an impressive sculptural group is located, at the base of which is the “Rainy Taxi”.

On the lower floor in the "Fishermen's Hall" the paintings "Portrait of Picasso" and "Soft Portrait with a Slice of Fried Bacon" are exhibited. There is also a crypt in which the great artist himself rests.
On the site of the former stage, now hangs one of Dali’s most amazing paintings - “Nude Gala Looking at the Sea”. If you look at the painting from a distance, the image on it turns into a portrait of President Lincoln. Today, the Salvador Dali Theater-Museum has collected under its roof more than one and a half thousand works by the greatest surrealist, including sculptures, paintings and installations. The museum also contains works by other artists from Dali’s personal collection.

Next to the museum there is a working Catholic Church De Sant Pere, Dali was baptized in it. The oldest surviving parts of the church date back to the 10th-11th centuries. They are located near the northern wall at the foot of the tower.

The house where Dali was born is located on Rue Monturol. On the ground floor of this building there was a notary office that belonged to Dali's father, and above that there was an apartment in which he spent his early childhood.

Dali's second address was house number 10, located on the same street. In addition, the house is an excellent example of Art Nouveau architecture in Figueres.

I recommend staying in a family run Hotel Europa de Figueres, which is located in the center of Figueres, 500 m from the Dali Museum and 25 km from the beaches of the Costa Brava. It offers air-conditioned rooms with free Wi-Fi and a flat-screen TV with international channels. All rooms have simple décor, tiled floors, a work desk, central heating and a private bathroom with bath or shower and hairdryer. A continental breakfast is served daily in the hotel's dining room.

I think everyone will be interested toy museum of catalonia. It was opened in 1982 in the building of a former city hotel, on Rambla de Figueres. Today Museo del Juguete de Cataluña presents to admiring spectators more than 4,000 copies of a wide variety of toys. These are cardboard images of animals and horses, toy dishes and furniture, kitchens, balls and balls, miniature and not very small cars and planes, railways, locomotives and trailers, dolls of all kinds, sets for magic tricks, soldiers and robots, teddy bears and other soft toys, tricycles and scooters. Also in the museum you can see a huge chronological exhibition of old photographs and postcards that show images of rare toys. This museum is unique in that it carefully preserves toys that once belonged to Federico Garcia Lorca and Ana Maria Dali, Joan Miro and Josep Palau Fabre, Joan Brossa, Frederic Amat, Kim Monzo.

If you still have some strength left, there is another museum in Figueres - Ampurdan Museum located at the beginning of Rambla. The uniqueness of the museum lies in the fact that it has the richest collection of local works of art.
The museum opened to a wide range of visitors in 1946. However, the true story of his collection is much more impressive. Their origins date back to the end of the 19th century and represent exhibits from the vaults of the Prado Museum, as well as works of art that were donated or bequeathed to it.

Figueres is a small city, it’s nice to stroll through its streets.

At the descent to Jonker Street you will see sculpture "In Memory of Newton" by Salvador Dali. This unusual (like everything by Dali) sculpture is dedicated to the great scientist and the force of gravity that he discovered.

Not far from Figueres, in the town Pubol located lock the artist’s wife, the famous Gala. Her real name is Elena Dmitrievna Dyakonova, she was a native of Kazan. Gala was 10 years older than the artist.

The 12th century building was somewhat rebuilt by Gala for herself, filling it with Dali’s ghosts. Gala was also buried in Pubol. For some time after Gala’s death, Salvador lived in her castle, but after the fire, fearing that the muse was calling him to her, he left Pubol.

The city is famous for its delicious pastries. The most delicious pastries in the old Forn la Barceloneta shop(at Carrer de la Muralla, 21), and traditional sweets in Pastisseria Serra Lacasa at Plaça de la Adjustment. The main thing is to choose a cafe away from the Dali Museum.

If you still have the energy to go shopping, here are some tips:

Patisserie Cal Flequer
C/ Vilafant 20

Shop-bakery
C/ Rambla 3
Tea and chocolate shop La Formigueta
C/ Caamaño nº 3
Ceramics Fàbrega
C/ Rambla 9
Gifts and home goods Cal Rei, S.A.
C/ Besalú 13

Figueres, a town that is no different from other small towns, is the capital of the district. It is located on the border with France and is famous for its wine products. But the city gained real, worldwide fame not thanks to the vineyards, but because the surrealist painter Salvador Dali was born here and subsequently created his masterpieces for many years. The great artist created a museum in his city, which is very popular for visitors from all over the world.

Of course, Figueres is attractive not only because there is a museum of the brilliant painter, which, by the way, was designed by Dali himself; tourists will be interested in getting to know the Sant Ferran Castle, seeing the Toy Museum and many other attractions. Of great interest will be the temple in which the little genius was baptized, and almost nearby is the home of his parents. And also a museum that is very many years old, it embodies the chronicle of Spanish discoveries, where there are exhibits of rare collections obtained as a result of archaeological excavations, the Neolithic era and Romanism.

Visitors will be able to get acquainted with the wonderful paintings of Catalan painters. The Museum of the Emporda contains original paintings by Ponce i Cuixart and Tapias. Art aficionados will not be disappointed that they have wasted their time if they take the time to visit this place. Other attractions include:

• Television obelisk." A monolithic structure consisting of more than a dozen televisions, and ending with the head of a woman.
• Monument to the philosopher F. Pujols, who is a friend of the artist’s family.
• Church of St. Peter.
• Sculpture "In Memory of Newton". Dedicated to the brilliant physicist and the law of gravity he discovered.
• An unusual monument dedicated to the Catalan wind “Tramontana”.

How Spain, Figueres, in particular, has amazing places will be discussed in more detail below, but now we should dive a little into the historical events associated with the emergence of the city.

Story

Many years before our era, the Indians lived in this area, where the current city is located. A significant part of the area was flooded and overgrown with reeds. The tribe settled on the hillsides. This is evidenced by ceramic products found at the end of the century before last. The first Romans settled here two centuries BC, landing at Emporion.

They built a village, which years later gained significance as a stopping point on the Domitian Way. It became both Roman and Iberian. But after a while she was all Romanized. In ancient times it was called Iuncaria. The real name comes from "Ficaris", which was given to the future town by the Visigoths. The modern prosperity of Figueres was facilitated by the 1950s and the development of the resort potential of the Costa Brava, assessed by the caudillo.

How to get there

You can arrive here from Barcelona, ​​either by electric train or by car.

By train from Barcelona:

• You can enter the station on Passeig de Gracia. You need to go down and follow the signs for Renfe. Direct trains leave from the station every half hour to hour. Distance - 138 kilometers. It is advisable to choose a train that is marked on the schedule board as MD Medium Distance - they are very comfortable. The train takes just over one and a half hours to reach its destination. The journey will cost 16 euros. Having arrived at the place, you can also find the Dali Museum without any problems: there are signs with directions everywhere. If you arrive by plane, there is a direct bus from Girona to Figueres.
• In most cases, tourists go to Figueres on a day trip from Barcelona, ​​stopping along the way in the charming town of Gerona. Here you can see the ancient fortifications of the city, a beautiful cathedral and an embankment; a huge number of souvenirs are sold near it - this is a kind of miniature “flea” market.

By car:

• To follow the A-7 motorway, you need to take exit no. 4. As a rule, the trip takes a little over an hour. It should be borne in mind that there are toll sections of the road towards Figueres. Therefore, you need to prepare 7 euros - this is approximately the cost of one-way payment.

Kitchen

If you want to try local dishes during a break between the excursion, you will be offered pork sausage, paella, gazpacho, and ox tail soup. In addition, people here like to try, by the way, tasty, but not healthy for everyone, patatas de Olot - this is the name of fried potatoes cooked in slices with the addition of pork.

There is no need to go to the nearest “eateries”, including restaurants that are located in the Carrer de Jonquera area. The food, of course, is not poisoned, but in most cases it is made from not very high-quality raw materials with the expectation that for hungry tourists walking near the Dali Museum, everything will do just fine.

Shopping

In the cultural and historical center of the city you can see a truly huge open-air area, which the authorities created especially for those who love to shop. Here you can buy whatever your heart desires: various food sets, industrial goods - clothes, shoes and various items and appliances for the household.

• clothing store - located on Passeig Nou, open on Thursdays from 9 to 2 pm;
• vegetable - on Placa del Gra and Placa Catalunya, open on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays from 9 am to 2 pm;
• “flea market” – Rambla, open on the third Saturday of every month from 9 am to 2 pm;
• souvenir shops. Here you can buy souvenirs in memory of the great artist;
• bakery;
• traditional sweets.

Figueres attractions

It would be an exaggeration to say that Figueres is a center of historical sites where masterpieces of world cultural heritage are collected in large quantities. But there are also plenty of significant and interesting objects that are admired all over the world. If you visit Figueres, what is advisable to see:

When talking about the main attractions of the city, first of all, we must say about the S. Dali Museum, the design of which was made by the artist himself on the site where the city theater was destroyed during the Spanish Civil War. It was heavily modified into an installation of sorts. It is distinguished by its original appearance: in the form of decoration - huge eggs and bread. Founded in 1974, the museum has since been one of the most popular tourist attractions in Spain.

It should be noted that for the artist the building was very significant - it was from here that his paintings were given a “start in life.” The future genius, at the age of fourteen, exhibited one of his first paintings here for the first time. The theater will be among the very first on the route of those coming to the city. Tens of thousands of tourists come to these places to touch the great creations of one of the most brilliant painters on the planet. Currently, the museum has more than one and a half thousand works by the artist.

There are also paintings by other painters from the personal collection of its founder. The visitor should know that no one will explain the meaning of this or that painting - this is prohibited. Dali himself insisted. Each visitor to the museum will have a unique opportunity to understand the artist’s intentions for himself. The townspeople, in memory of their main countryman, tried to depict the artist’s face at the origins of the central street, observing the best traditions of surrealism.

Operating mode:

• from 01.11. until 28.02. - from 10:30 am to 6 pm;
• from 01.03. until 30.06. and throughout October - from 9:30 am to 6 pm;
• from 01.07 to 30.09 – 9 am to 6 pm. Also, starting from 31.07 to 31.08. The museum is also open at night: from 10 pm to 1 am. Visitors are offered audiovisual accompaniment with a glass of champagne; it is believed that this helps immerse themselves in the wonderful world of the brilliant artist. All this fun will cost 12 euros. Address: Figueres, Placa Gala i Salvador Dal

Castillo de San Fernando is the name of the fortress, which is one of the most significant monuments that was built in commemoration of King Ferdinand VI of Spain. It occupies a hill that stands on the outskirts of the modern city. The construction of the fortress had a military purpose. This is a very large fortification structure of various sizes with bastions, generally covering an area of ​​more than thirty hectares. Moreover, the perimeter is more than three kilometers. How thoroughly they prepared for defense here can be seen from the fact that the clean water tanks located under the courtyard could hold forty million liters.

It was built with the expectation of a garrison of more than six thousand people, and at that time it was the largest and most powerful defensive structure in Europe. Nine large barracks were built outside the walls of the bastion, which were intended to house the garrison. Space was also allocated for a stable designed for almost half a thousand horses. The fortress of St. Fernando became accessible to a wide range of visitors only at the very end of the last century; before that, it housed a military base. It has been perfectly preserved; those who wish have the opportunity to give a proper assessment of the defensive structures and its internal condition, as well as admire the views of Catalonia. Excursion events are constantly held here on a variety of topics, which are aimed at certain categories of tourists.

One of the most beautiful buildings in the city always attracts a lot of tourists - the parish church, located on Plaça de Sant Pere. This is a very ancient structure; on the oldest elements that have survived to this day, you can see that they were created more than ten centuries ago. They are located at the base of the tower, which represents the northern wall. Where the former Roman temple was located, according to the royal decree issued by Peter the Fourth, who was ruling at that time, the construction of the cathedral began. It was supposed to have Gothic forms - one nave.

This happened in 1346. A hundred years later, the first organ was installed in the temple. All work was completed only at the beginning of the next century. The city developed, began to increase in size, and there was a need to expand the area of ​​the church. The plans began to be implemented in 1744, followed by reconstruction work, which resulted in the replacement of the old Gothic façade. By the beginning of the 20th century, the dome of the church was completely replaced.

The wars of the last century greatly destroyed the church. She also had extensive fire damage. But in the middle of the last century, all restoration work was completed. And now it is a harmonious architectural ensemble with a restrained monumental appearance.

Toy Museum of Catalonia

The museum has two birthdays. The first day is considered to be the one when, more than thirty years ago, it was opened in a room that served as a hotel in the city, and the second - when a significant reconstruction was carried out in it. This happened in December 1998. Currently, there are more than four thousand different exhibits on display for fascinated visitors.

What can you find here? There are horses and other animals and birds that are made of cardboard. Various dishes, toy pieces of furniture for rooms and kitchens, sets of balls and balls. Very small and quite large toy cars, military equipment, soldiers, airplanes. Of great interest is the railway with locomotives and carriages very similar to the real ones. And there are simply countless dolls of various sizes and modifications. There are also plenty of magic kits, robotics, teddy bears and other soft toys. There are also the smallest bicycles here - tricycles and scooter models.

The museum houses a large and informative chronological exhibition of old photographs and graphic postcards, which reflect images of the rarest toy products. But the most valuable and unique thing about the museum is that it stores toys that were once owned by famous people, including, for example, G. Lorca and many others. Operating mode:

• Tuesday - Friday from 10 am to 7 pm or until 6 (seasonal)
• Sunday (holidays) from 11am to 6pm. The first day of the week is considered a day off.

Ampurdan Museum

Those who are particularly interested in Catalan art should definitely visit this museum. Here every visitor will be able to get acquainted with the history of the appearance of works of art and other interesting facts. Those wishing to visit the museum will find it very easy - it is located where the Rambla begins. What makes it unique is that it houses an exceptionally rich local collection of works of art.

It was opened to the general public a year after the defeat of fascism in the Second World War. At the same time, the real history of his collections has rich origins. They contain more than a century and a half of history; exhibits from the Prado Museum collections and many other items of artistic and historical value that were donated and bequeathed are stored here.

In its current state, the premises were originally conceived as a museum of archaeology, history and art. Construction was completed almost half a century ago. Among the exhibitions are archaeological selections, which include products from Iberian, Attic and Italic ceramics. The museum has a unique collection of sculptures made in the Middle Ages, as well as paintings by representatives of local creativity famous throughout the planet - S. Dali, P. Reig and others.

Dali's house

It is an interesting and absolutely unique building. It is enough to look into the history of the origin of this home, which is interesting in itself. Firstly, this housing is the only one of its kind that belonged to a genius as a property. Dali bought it when he returned from the capital of France with his wife Gala. It was difficult to call it housing then. The fact is that the room, with a total area of ​​just over twenty square meters, was a small hut that served for storing fishing gear. After this, Dali’s house in Cadaqués, here during the forty-year life of the painter’s family, grew and became more and more beautiful. This was explained by the fact that Dali specially bought the huts standing around, restored them and created them as a single whole. This is how the very workshop where the great impressionist created his best masterpieces was born in the bay.

He lived in the home he created with his own hands until 1982. He left Dali's house when his wife died and never returned here again.
Today there is a wonderful museum of the great impressionist. The creators of the museum took care to preserve everything as it was during the life of the great painter, so the interior is not touched and appears as the artist himself saw it. The museum is divided into three sectors. In the first, you can see where Dali rested and simply lived, in the second, you can get acquainted with the place where he created his masterpieces. The third is where he met guests.

Almost every resident of Catalonia, young and old, knows where this famous palace of Galla, famous not only in Girona, but throughout Spain, is located. All tourists strive to visit this wonderful castle, but perhaps our compatriots show the greatest interest in it. And this is no coincidence. Firstly, Gala is a Russian woman who inspired the great artist to create brilliant works. Secondly, many are wondering how she could captivate the artist so much and serve as his muse for many years.

This woman's real name was, of course, not Gala. And her name was Elena Dmitrieva Dyakonova. She was born in Kazan, ten years earlier than the artist. She asked the great artist to give her a gift in the form of a palace, when Dali was still quite energetic, and she Gala had noticeably aged and weakened. He tried to fulfill the request of his muse so that she could live peacefully in solitude.

The castle was found in Pubol, a small village located near Figueres. The woman reconstructed this ancient building so that it became filled with the ghosts of the great master. Gala was buried in the village. After her death, Dali lived in this palace for some period of time, but left it after the fire, thinking that Gala was thus calling him to her.

Finally

Maybe not all the amazing places that are in this town are described here. But even having visited these, which were described above, each visitor will leave many unforgettable impressions, and Figueres, Spain will remain in the memory for a long time.