Where is the country Ivory Coast located? Republic of Cote Divoir, or the Ivory Coast. Other attractions of the country

The Republic of Cote d'Ivoire, also known as the Ivory Coast, is one of the countries located in West Africa. In the past it was a French colony, and today it is a completely independent state both territorially and politically. The country of Cote d'Ivoire is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. By land, the state borders Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Burkina Faso and Guinea. The territory is 322,460 km. sq.

general information

This is one of the states in which there are at least five dozen ethnic groups. The capital of the country is the city of Yamoussoukro, which is home to almost 250 thousand people. Unlike most European countries, the capital is not always the main city.

In this state, for example, the main city is Abidjan, whose population is approximately 3 million people. The official language in Cote d'Ivoire is French, a relic of colonial times. In addition to the official one, there are a number of local languages, the most popular being Baule, Bete and Gyula. Compared to many others, this one is quite developed, and the standard of living of the population is quite good.

State symbols of Cote d'Ivoire

The state flag consists of three vertical stripes of equal size: orange, white and green. The first color symbolizes the savannah, the second - peace and unity, the third - forests and hope. There are other interpretations.

The main element of the state's coat of arms is the elephant, which is not only one of the most common animals in the state, but is even present in the name of the country. The national anthem was officially adopted as soon as the country became independent in 1960.

Geography

The territory of the state is predominantly flat, in the south there are tropical rainforests, and in the north there are tall grasses, as in most of Africa, it is very hot, in the south it is equatorial, in the north it is subequatorial. There are three large rivers and several small ones on the territory of the country. Komoe, Sassandra and Bandama are of practically no interest as transport routes, since they consist of many estuaries and rapids, and also periodically dry up.

Among natural resources there are many precious and expensive raw materials. For example, diamonds, gold, oil, gas, nickel, copper, manganese, cobalt, bauxite, etc. In Côte d’Ivoire, tourists can enjoy visiting various national parks. It is in this country that the most developed and beautiful sights of West Africa are located, and one of the parks is even included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

History of Cote d'Ivoire

The map of the territory of this state, like many others, took shape over many thousands of years. A significant part of the peoples living in the modern country came from the northeastern and eastern parts of the continent. Over time, countries with a highly developed system of governance were founded on this territory.

During the Middle Ages, European merchants paved the way to Côte d'Ivoire. The Spaniards and Portuguese were the first to arrive in the country, and later the British and Dutch began to arrive. Hot goods for European merchants were ivory, gold, pepper, and ostrich feathers. Later, the country began to actively participate in the slave trade.

At the end of the 19th century, after long battles between local tribes and French troops, the territory of the country was occupied, and France turned it into its colony. Since 1958, the state has been declared a republic, part of the French Community. In 1960, on August 7, the country finally gained independence.

In the first 25 years after Côte d'Ivoire gained independence, the pace of development of the state continued to gain momentum. However, in 1987, due to a decrease in prices for goods supplied by the country on the world market, a serious decline began in the state's economy.

• Although officially celebrated in France on August 7th, due to field work, most of the population celebrates it on December 7th.
• Residents of the state are very musical. They have a lot of different dances for every significant event. For example, harvest dance, fisherman dance, etc.
• Previously, the country was famous for its forests. Now, most valuable tree species have been destroyed due to fires, land clearing and other reasons.

Conclusion

Like most African countries, today Côte d'Ivoire cannot boast of good development indicators or an excellent standard of living. However, the state still occupies certain niches in the world market. For example, Côte d'Ivoire is the largest supplier of cocoa in the world and a third coffee supplier. Although there are not many enterprises with highly qualified personnel here, the agricultural market still helps the country’s economy stay afloat.

Republic of Cote d'Ivoire.

The name of the country comes from the French cote - “coast”, ivoirc - “ivory”.

Capital of Ivory Coast. Yamoussoukro (official capital), seat of the president and government - Abidjan.

Area of ​​Ivory Coast. 322460 km2.

Population of Ivory Coast. 22.70 million people (

Ivory Coast GDP. $34.25 million (

Location of Ivory Coast. Cote d'Ivoire is a state in Western Europe. In the north it borders with and, in the east - with, in the west - with and. In the south it is washed by the Gulf of Guinea.

Administrative divisions of Côte d'Ivoire. The state is divided into 50 departments.

Form of government of Côte d'Ivoire. Republic

Head of State of Cote d'Ivoire. The president.

Supreme legislative body of Côte d'Ivoire. National People's Assembly (unicameral parliament).

Supreme executive body of Côte d'Ivoire. Cabinet of Ministers.

Major cities of Ivory Coast. Abidjan, Bwake, Daloa.

Official language of Ivory Coast. French.

Religion of Ivory Coast. 65% are pagans, 23% are Muslims, 12% are Christians (mostly).

Ethnic composition of Ivory Coast. 23% - Baule, 18% - Bete, 15% - Senufo, 11% - Malinke.

Currency of Ivory Coast. CFA franc = 100 centimes.

Fauna of Ivory Coast. The territory of the republic is inhabited by jackal, hyena, panther, elephant, chimpanzee, crocodile, brush-eared pigs, several species of lizards and snakes. In the savannas there are antelopes, leopards, cheetahs, and servals.

Rivers and lakes of Ivory Coast. The main rivers are Sassandra, Bandama, Comoe.

Sights of Cote d'Ivoire. In Yamoussoukro - the largest cathedral in the world (height 158 ​​m), built on the model of St. Peter's Basilica in; Abidjan has a large market for traditional goods and picturesque parks.

Useful information for tourists

The content of the article

COTE D'IVOIRE. Republic of Cote d'Ivoire. State in West Africa. Capital - Yamoussoukro (approx. 120 thousand people - 2003). Territory – 322.46 thousand square meters. km. Administrative division: 18 regions. Population – 21 million 058 thousand 798 people. (est. 2010). Official language - French . Religion – traditional African beliefs, Islam and Christianity. The monetary unit is the CFA franc. National holiday - August 7 - Independence Day (1960). Côte d'Ivoire has been a member of the UN since 1960, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) since 1963 and the African Union (AU) since 2002, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) since 1975, the Economic and Monetary Union of West African States ( JEMOA) since 1962 and the Common Afro-Mauritian Organization (OCAM) since 1965.

State flag. A rectangular panel on which there are three vertical stripes of the same size in orange, white and green (the white stripe is in the center).

Geographical location and boundaries.

A continental state in southern West Africa. It borders in the west with Guinea and Liberia, in the north with Burkina Faso and Mali, in the east with Ghana, the southern coast of the country is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Guinea. The length of the coastline is 550 km.

Nature.

Most of the territory is occupied by hilly plains, turning into a plateau in the north more than 400 m above sea level. In the northwest are the large Dan and Tura mountain ranges with deep gorges. The highest point is Mount Nimba (1752 m). Minerals - diamonds, bauxite, iron, gold, manganese, petroleum, nickel, natural gas and titanium. The climate of the northern and central regions is subequatorial dry, and that of the southern regions is equatorial humid. The zones of these climates differ mainly in the amount of precipitation. The average annual air temperature is +26° (Celsius). Average annual precipitation is 1300–2300 mm per year on the coast, 2100–2300 mm in the mountains and 1100–1800 mm in the north. Dense river network: the rivers Bandama, Dodo, Cavalli, Comoe, Nero, Sassandra, etc., which are unnavigable due to the presence of rapids (except for the Cavalli River). The largest river is Bandama (950 km). Lakes - Varapa, Dadier, Dalaba, Labion, Lupongo, etc. Cote d'Ivoire is one of 12 African countries that meet the population's needs for clean drinking water.

The southern regions are covered with evergreen equatorial forests (African lofira, iroko, red Bassam tree, niangon, ebony, etc.), in the north there are forest savannas with gallery forests along river banks and tall grass savannas. Due to deforestation (in order to expand arable land and export timber), their area decreased from 15 million hectares in the beginning. 20th century up to 1 million hectares in 1990. Fauna - antelopes, hippos, buffalos, cheetahs, hyenas, wild boars, leopards, lions, monkeys, panthers, elephants, jackals, etc. Many birds, snakes and insects. The tsetse fly is widespread. In coastal waters there is a lot of shrimp and fish (sardine, mackerel, tuna, eel, etc.).

Population.

The average annual population growth is 2.105%. The birth rate is 39.64 per 1000 people, the mortality rate is 18.48 per 1000 people. Infant mortality is 66.43 per 1000 births. 40.6% of the population are children under 14 years of age. Residents over 65 years of age account for 2.9%. Life expectancy is 56.19 years (55.27 for men and 57.13 years for women). (All figures are as of 2010).

Citizens of Côte d'Ivoire are called Ivorians. The country is inhabited by more than 60 African peoples and ethnic groups: Baule, Agni, Bakwe, Bambara, Bete, Guere, Dan (or Yacouba), Kulango, Malinke, Mosi, Lobi, Senufo, Tura, Fulbe etc. The non-African population in 1998 was 2.8% (130 thousand people Lebanese and Syrians, as well as 14 thousand French). Of the local languages, the most common languages ​​are Ani and Baule. About 25% of the population are immigrants who came to earnings from Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Guinea, Mauritania, Mali, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Togo and Senegal. In the late 1990s, the government began to tighten immigration policies. As a result of a military coup and the outbreak of civil war, most immigrants became refugees and internally displaced persons. According to UN estimates, 600 thousand residents of Cote d'Ivoire fled to neighboring African states (the contingent of Ivorian refugees in Liberia in 2003 numbered 25 thousand people). OK. 50% of the population live in cities: Abidjan (3.1 million people - 2001), Agboville, Bouaké, Korhogo, Bundiali, Man, etc. In April 1983, the capital was moved to Yamoussoukro, however, Abidjan continues remain the political, business and cultural center of the country.

State structure.

Republic. The first constitution of an independent country was adopted in 1960. The constitution approved by a referendum on July 23, 2000 is in force. The head of state is the president, who is elected on the basis of universal and direct suffrage by secret ballot. He may hold office for no more than two five-year terms. Legislative power belongs to the president and the single-seat parliament (National Assembly). Members of Parliament are elected by universal direct and secret suffrage for five years.

Judicial system.

All administrative, civil, commercial and criminal cases are heard in the courts of first instance. A military tribunal was created in 1973. The highest body of judicial power is the Supreme Court.

Defense.

The national army was formed in 1961. In August 2002, the armed forces of Côte d'Ivoire consisted of ground forces (6.5 thousand people), air force (700 people), navy (900 people), paramilitary presidential guard (1,350 people) and a 10,000-strong contingent of reservists. Gendarmerie units numbered 7.6 thousand people, police - 1.5 thousand people. Compulsory military service was introduced in December 2001. In 1996, with the assistance of France, a center was opened in the country military training. In July 2004, 4 thousand French army troops were in the buffer zone between government troops and rebel forces (by decision of the UN, they will remain there until the 2005 elections). France supplies Côte d'Ivoire with equipment and assists in the military training of its units army.

Foreign policy.

Bilateral ties with France occupy an important place (diplomatic relations were established in 1961). She is the main trading partner of Côte d'Ivoire, she plays a primary role in resolving the political crisis of 1999–2003. Côte d'Ivoire became the first African country to establish diplomatic relations with South Africa (1992), and was one of the first in Africa to establish them with Israel. Interstate relations with Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Niger and other countries are complicated due to the refugee problem.

Diplomatic relations with the USSR were established in January 1967. In May 1969 they were severed on the initiative of the government of Cote d'Ivoire without an official explanation of the reasons. Diplomatic relations were restored on February 20, 1986. In 1991, the Russian Federation was recognized as the legal successor of the USSR. New agreements are being prepared in the field of improving contractual relations -legal basis for bilateral relations between the Russian Federation and Cote d'Ivoire.

Economy.

It is based on a private form of ownership. Most mixed enterprises are under the control of foreign capital (mainly French). Cote d'Ivoire is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of Robusta coffee and cocoa beans. Since the 1960s, it has become the largest producer of palm oil among African states, and is in fifth place in the world in its exports (300 thousand tons annually).The country's economy was seriously affected by the consequences of the military coup: the GDP growth rate in 2000 was minus 0.3%, in 2003 - minus 1.9%.Inflation in 2003 was 4.1%.

Agriculture.

Cote d'Ivoire is a country with developed commercial agriculture. The share of agricultural products in GDP is 29% (2001). The area of ​​cultivated land is 9.28%, irrigated - 730 sq. km. (1998). Pineapples, bananas, sweet potatoes are grown , cocoa beans, coconuts, coffee, corn, cassava (cassava), millet, rice, sugar cane, sorghum, taro, cotton and yams Livestock (cows, goats, sheep, pigs) and poultry due to fly spread Tsetse is developed only in the northern regions. 65–70 thousand tons of fish are caught annually. Côte d'Ivoire is one of the major suppliers of timber and timber of their valuable tropical species.

Industry.

The share of industrial products in GDP is 22% (2001). The mining industry is poorly developed. Diamond production in 1998 amounted to 15 thousand carats, gold - 3.4 tons. The manufacturing industry accounts for approx. 13% of GDP (agricultural processing enterprises (including the production of palm oil and rubber), wood and metal processing plants, shoe and textile factories, as well as chemical industry enterprises). In con. In the 1990s, Cote d'Ivoire was in fourth place in the world in the development of the cocoa bean processing industry (225 thousand tons annually). Local production of consumer goods was well established.

Energy.

In 2001, 61.9% of electricity was generated at thermal power plants, 38.1% at hydroelectric power stations (Ayame, on the Belaya Bandama River, in Taabo). Cote d'Ivoire exports electricity to neighboring countries (1.3 billion kW - 2001). Oil production is underway (1027 thousand tons - 1997).

Transport.

The total length of railways is 660 km, roads – 68 thousand km (6 thousand km are paved, most of the roads are laid in the south) – 2002. The main seaports are Abidjan and San Pedro. In 2003, there were 37 airports and airstrips (7 paved). International airports are located in the cities of Abidjan, Bouaké and Yamoussoukro.

International trade.

Cote d'Ivoire is one of the few African countries whose foreign trade balance is dominated by exports. In 2003, exports amounted to $5.29 billion and imports amounted to $2.78 million. Main export products: coffee , cocoa beans, petroleum, construction timber and timber, cotton, bananas, palm oil, fish Main export partners: France (13.7%), Netherlands (12.2%), USA (7.2%), Germany (5.3%), Mali (4.4%), Belgium (4.2%), Spain (4.1%) - 2002. Main import goods - petroleum products, equipment, food. Main import partners: France (22.4%), Nigeria (16.3%), China (7.8%), and Italy (4.1%) - 2002.

Finance and credit.

The monetary unit is the CFA franc, consisting of 100 centimes. In December 2003, the national currency exchange rate was: 1 dollar. US = 581.2 CFA francs.

Administrative device.

The country is divided into 18 regions, which consist of 57 departments.

Political organizations.

A multi-party system emerged: in 2000 there were 90 political parties and associations. The most influential of them: Ivorian Popular Front, INF (Front populaire ivoirien, FPI). The ruling party. Founded in 1983 in France, legalized in 1990. Chairman - Affi N'Gessan, Secretary General - Sylvain Miaka Oureto; Democratic Party of Ivory Coast, PDCI (Parti démocratigue de la Côte d'Ivoire, PDCI). The party was founded in 1946 as a local section of the Democratic Rally of Africa (DOA). Leader - Henri Konan Bedié; Ivorian Workers' Party, IPT (Parti ivoirien des travailleurs, PIT). The Social Democratic Party became legal in 1990. General Secretary - Francis Wodié; An association Republicans, OR (Rassemblement des républicais). The party was founded in 1994 as a result of a split in the DPKI. Influential in northern Muslim areas. Leader - Alassane Dramme Ouattara, Secretary General - Henriette Dagba Diabaté; Union for Democracy and Peace of Ivory Coast, SDMKI (Union pour la democratie et pour la paix de la Côte d'Ivoire, UDPCI). Founded in 2001 as a result of a split in the DPKI. Leader - Paul Akoto Yao.

Trade union associations.

General Union of Workers of Côte d'Ivoire (Union générale des travailleurs de Côte d'Ivoire, UGTCI). Created in 1962, has 100 thousand members. The General Secretary is Adiko Niamkey.

Religions.

55% of the indigenous population adhere to traditional beliefs and cults (animalism, fetishism, cult of ancestors and forces of nature, etc.), 25% are Muslims (mostly Sunnis), Christianity is professed by 20% of the population (Catholics - 85%, Protestants - 15%) - 1999. (The number of Muslims is much larger as they constitute the majority of illegal foreign workers. Muslims live mainly in the northern regions of the country). There are several Afro-Christian churches. The spread of Christianity began at the end. 19th century

Education.

Primary education is compulsory (6 years), which children receive from the age of six. Secondary education (7 years) begins at the age of 12 and takes place in two cycles. In the 1970s, television teaching was widespread in primary and some secondary schools. A network of educational institutions providing vocational and technical education has been created. The higher education system includes three universities and eight colleges. In 2000, 45 thousand students studied and 990 teachers worked at twelve faculties and departments of the national university in Abidjan (founded in 1964). Training is conducted in French. Education in state educational institutions is free. In 2004, 42.48% of the population was literate (40.27% of men and 44.76% of women).

Healthcare.

Tropical diseases are common - bilharziosis, yellow fever, malaria, sleeping sickness, schistomatosis, etc. A serious disease called "river blindness" is common in river valleys. The rate of leprosy (leprosy) is one of the highest in West Africa. The problem of AIDS is acute. In 1988, 250 people died from it, in 2001 – 75 thousand people, there were 770 thousand HIV-infected people. On Wednesday In the 1990s, national broadcasting began broadcasting a special awareness-raising program, “Talking Drum,” dedicated to AIDS issues. In con. In the 1980s, the United States opened a research center in Abidjan to study and control this disease.

Press, radio broadcasting, television and Internet.

Published in French: daily newspapers "Ivoir-soir" ("Ivoire-evening") and "Voi" (La Voie - "The Path", the printed organ of the INF), weekly newspapers "Lingerie" (Le Bélier - " Aries"), "Democrat" (Le Démocrate - "Democrat", printed organ of the DPKI), "Nouvel horizon" (Le Nouvel horizon - "New Horizon", printed organ of the INF) and "Wives Democrat" (Le Jeune démocrate - "Young democrat"), the weekly "Abidjan set jours" (Abidjan 7 jours - "Abidjan for the week"), the monthly newspaper "Alif" (Alif), covering the problems of Islam, the monthly magazine "Eburnéa", etc. The government news agency is the Ivorian Press Agency, AIP (Agence ivoirienne de presse, AIP). Created in 1961. The government service Ivorian Broadcasting and Television was founded in 1963. The AIP and service are located in Abidjan. 9 thousand Internet users (2002).

Tourism.

The country has a whole range of necessary conditions for the development of the tourism industry: a favorable climate, a variety of rich flora and fauna, beautiful sandy beaches on the Gulf of Guinea coast and the original culture of local peoples. The active development of the tourism industry began with the implementation in 1970 of a special program designed to last until 1980 (22% of capital investments were foreign investments). Eight tourist zones were identified, on the territory of which by the end of the 1980s more than 170 hotels of various classes were built. In the 1990s, the fashionable, ultra-modern Golf and Ivoire hotels were built in Abidjan, equipped with golf courses and ice tracks. Until 1997, income from the tourism business annually amounted to approx. $140 million. In 1998, 301 thousand foreign tourists visited the country. In 1997, 15 travel agencies were successfully operating on the market, many of which were also involved in organizing business tourism.

Attractions in Abidjan: National Museum (traditional arts and crafts are presented, including a rich collection of masks), Chardy Art Gallery. Other attractions are the Comoe National Park, the famous Gbon Coulibaly Museum in Korhogo (pottery, blacksmith and wood crafts), picturesque mountain landscapes in the Man area, the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace (very reminiscent of St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome) in Yamoussoukro, waterfall Mont Tonqui. Tai National Park (in the southwest), with a large number of endemic plants, is included in the UN category of world heritage. National cuisine - "atyeke" (a dish made from cassava, with fish or meat sauce), "kejena" (fried chicken with rice and vegetables), "fufu" (dough balls made from yams, cassava or bananas, served to fish or meat with the addition of sauces).

Architecture.

The architectural forms of traditional housing are varied: in the south - rectangular or square wooden houses with a gable roof made of palm leaves; in the central regions, adobe houses of rectangular shape (sometimes rounded corners) under a flat roof, divided into several rooms, are common; in the east - rectangular houses with flat roofs, and in other areas the houses are round or oval in plan, the thatched roof has a conical shape. The outside of adobe houses is often covered with designs of geometric shapes, birds, real and mystical animals, which are done with yellow, red and black paints. Fashionable hotels and supermarkets made of reinforced concrete structures and glass have become a hallmark of modern cities.

Fine arts and crafts.

Wooden sculpture, especially masks, occupies an important place in traditional Ivorian culture. The ritual masks of the Senufo people are especially diverse. Among the Dan and Gere peoples there are masks with a movable jaw. Art historians consider the wooden sculpture of the Baule people to be the best example of African round sculpture of a non-cult nature. In addition to traditional figurines depicting ancestors, animals and various patron spirits, Baule craftsmen make small toy figures for children. The clay funeral figurines of the Anya people are interesting. Artistic folk crafts are well developed: weaving baskets and mats from ropes, straw and reeds, pottery (making household utensils and interior decoration items), painting the outside of houses, making jewelry from bronze, gold and copper, as well as weaving. The production of batik is developed - original paintings on fabrics depicting animals or plant patterns. Batiks of the Senufo people are presented in many museums around the world. Professional fine art began to develop after independence. Outside the country, the name of the artist Kadjo Zdeims Hura is well known. In 1983, the National Association of Artists organized the first professional exhibition of Ivorian painters, in which more than 40 artists took part.

Literature.

Modern literature is based on the traditions of oral folk art and develops mainly in French. Its formation is associated with national drama. The most important of the writers is considered to be the poet, prose writer and playwright Bernard Dadier. Writers - M. Asamua, E. Decren, S. Dembele, B. Z. Zauru, M. Kone, A. Loba, S. Z. Nokan and others. In 2000, the last novel (“Allah is not obliged”) by the famous writer was published Amadou Kuruma (died in France in December 2003). His first novel, Independence Sun (1970), is included in the curricula of many African, American and European universities. The most famous poets are F. Amua, G. Anala, D. Bamba, J-M. Bognini, J. Dodo and B. Z. Zauru.

Music and theater.

The art of music and dance has long traditions and is an important part of the culture of the peoples of Cote d'Ivoire. Common musical instruments include balafons, tom-tom drums, guitars, kora (xylophone), rattles, horns, unique harps and lutes, rattles, trumpets and flutes. Choral singing is accompanied by original dances.The ritual dances of the Baule people are interesting. ge-gblin(“people on stilts”) among the Dan people, as well as kinion-pli(harvest dance). In the 1970s–1980s, the National Ballet Folklore Dance Troupe and the Gyula group were created. At the All-African Music Festival, held in 2000 in Sun City (South Africa), the famous Ivorian musician Vanamh received one of the awards.

The development of theatrical art began with the creation of amateur school groups in the 1930s. In 1938, the so-called Native Theater was created in Abidjan. After independence, a professional theater school was created at the National Institute of Arts, where actors from France taught. Plays by French and Ivorian authors were staged. The play “Tunyantigi” (“Speaker of the Truth”) by local writer A. Kuruma was popular. In the 1980s, the Koteba theater troupe was especially popular.

Cinema.

Developed since the 1960s. First film - On the dunes of solitude- filmed by director T. Basori in 1963. In 1974, the Association of Professional Cinematographers was created. In 1993, Ivorian director Adama Rouamba made the film In the name of Christ. The film was released in 2001 Adanggaman famous Ivorian director Roger Gnoan M'Bala (about the problems of slavery) and the film Skins from the Bronx(about life in Abidjan) by French director Eliard Delatour, living in Cote d'Ivoire.

Story.

Pre-colonial period.

The modern territory of Côte d'Ivoire was inhabited by pygmies at the beginning of the Stone Age. From the 1st millennium AD, other peoples began to penetrate from the west through several migration flows. The first settlers were the Senufo, who gradually began to become involved in agriculture. The settlement process , which lasted for several centuries almost until the beginning of the colonial conquest, was largely associated with the slave trade in the coastal regions of the Gold Coast (modern Ghana), from which local residents fled.

Colonial period.

Europeans (Portuguese, English, Danes and Dutch) landed on the coast of what is now Côte d'Ivoire in the late 15th century. Colonization began in 1637 with French missionaries. Economic development began in the 1840s: French colonists mined gold, harvested and exported tropical wood, plantations of coffee imported from Liberia were established.On March 10, 1893, the Ivory Coast was officially declared a colony of France, and from 1895 included in French West Africa (FWA).The local population actively resisted the colonialists (Agny uprisings in 1894–1895, Guro in 1912 -1913, etc.). It intensified during the First World War due to forced recruitment into the French army. During the interwar period, the colony became a major producer of coffee, cocoa beans and tropical timber. In 1934, Abidjan became its administrative center. The first batch of African population - the Democratic Party of the Ivory Coast (DP BC) - created in 1945 on the basis of unions of local farmers.It became the territorial section of the DOA (Democratic Rally of Africa) - the general political organization of the FZA, headed by the African planter Felix Houphouet-Boigny. Under the influence of the national liberation movement, France in 1957 granted the BSC the right to create a territorial legislative assembly (parliament). In 1957 BSK received the status of an autonomous republic. After the elections to the legislative assembly (April 1959), a government was formed headed by F. Houphouet-Boigny.

Period of independent development.

Independence declared on August 7 1960. F. Houphouët-Boigny became President of the Republic of Ivory Coast (IIC). A policy of economic liberalism was proclaimed, based on the inviolability of private property. DP BSK became the only ruling party. In the 1960–1980s, a distinctive feature of the country's development was high rates of economic growth (mainly due to the export of coffee and cocoa beans): in 1960–1970, GDP growth was 11%, in 1970–1980 – 6–7%. Per capita income in 1975 – 500 US dollars (in 1960 – 150 US dollars). In the 1980s, due to the fall in world prices for coffee and cocoa beans, an economic recession began. F. Houphouët-Boigny remained the permanent president. In October 1985, the country received the name "Republic of Cote d'Ivoire", DP BSK was renamed DPKI - "Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire". Under pressure from the social movement for democratic freedoms, a multi-party system was introduced in May 1990. F. Houphouet-Boigny won the presidential elections in 1990. The main direction of economic policy in the 1990s was the expansion of privatization (in 1994–1998 more than 50 companies were privatized. After the death of F. Houphouet-Boigny (1993), his successor Henri Conan Bedier (elected in 1995) became president. Until 1994, the economy was in decline due to the collapse of world prices for coffee and cocoa beans , rising oil prices, severe drought of 1982–1983, ill-considered spending of external loans by the government, as well as cases of their direct theft. The government began to pursue a policy of encouraging foreign investment in the economy. In October 1995, the country hosted the “Invest in Côte d” forum Yvoire”, in which Russian companies also participated among 350 foreign companies. In 1996, the “Mountain Forum” was held. GDP growth in 1998 was approx. 6% (1994 – 2.1%), inflation rate in 1996–1997 – 3% (1994 – 32%).

A characteristic feature of the country's development in 1960–1999 was political stability. On Wednesday In the 1990s, there were more than 50 political parties. An amendment to the constitution (Article 35 - granting the right to be elected to government bodies only to persons who have Ivorian citizenship by birth, marriage or naturalization) did not allow the candidacy of Allassane Ouattara (a Burkinabe by birth) to be nominated for the presidency. He was nominated by the Rassemblement Republicans (RR) party and was a serious competitor to A. Konan Bedier, the only candidate in the upcoming presidential elections of 2000. Demonstrations of thousands organized by the opposition in September 1998 to protest against the discriminatory article of the constitution were accompanied by clashes with the police. Political tension intensified in October 1999 - mass demonstrations in support of A.D. Ouattara took place in the capital and other cities, and arrests of opposition activists began. They were supported by soldiers who were dissatisfied with the delay in paying them their salaries. The authorities underestimated the seriousness of the situation. The military performance was led by retired General Robert Gay. The rebels took control of all key services in the capital. It was announced that the constitution would be suspended, the current president would be removed, and the government and parliament would be dissolved. Power passed to the National Committee of Public Safety (NCOS), headed by R. Gay. The situation in the country was soon normalized. In January 2000, a transitional government was formed, in which General R. Gay took over as president of the republic and minister of defense.

Ivory Coast in the 21st century

In July 2000, a new constitution was approved by referendum and adopted (its 35th article remained unchanged). The presidential elections took place on October 22, 2000. The leader of the opposition Rally of Republicans, A. Ouattara, was again unable to stand as a candidate due to a discriminatory article in the constitution. The victory was won by the representative of the Ivorian Popular Front (FPI), Laurent Gbagbo (60% of the votes). The military regime was abolished. Parliamentary elections were held from December 10, 2000 to January 14, 2001. The FPI received 96 mandates, the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire - 94, independent candidates - 22. On September 19, 2002, a military mutiny was raised in the cities of Abidjan, Bouaké and Korhogo: 750 military personnel stormed government offices and residences of government members. In fact, this was an attempt at a coup d'etat, since President L. Gbagbo was at that time on an official visit to Italy. With the help of army units of ECOWAS member countries, the rebellion in Abidjan was suppressed. However, rebel groups managed to take control of all the northern, as well as part of the central and western regions. In some areas, clashes began on ethnic and religious grounds. Armed groups from Liberia and Sierra Leone took the side of the rebels, which strained interstate relations between Côte d'Ivoire and these countries.

In March 2003, a coalition government of national reconciliation was formed, which also included representatives of the opposition (since January 2003, the rebels began to call themselves “New Force”). The official end of the civil war was declared in July 2003, but the country remained split into two parts: the government-controlled south and the opposition-controlled north. At the end of February 2004, to help the government resolve the conflict, the UN Security Council sent a unit of 6,240 people to Côte d'Ivoire. Regular meetings of the coalition government were held until March 2004. Ministers representing the opposition announced a boycott of them after the security forces dispersed demonstrations organized by " New force" (there were casualties). Armed rebels continued to fully control the northern part of the country in July 2004. In the same month, parliament discussed a number of problems that the opposition demanded solutions, in particular the issue of land ownership in the northern regions. The President promised after the unification of the country hold a referendum on the issue of nationality. At the summit of 13 African countries held in late July and early August 2004 in Accra (Ghana), an agreement was reached between the government of Côte d'Ivoire and the rebels to resolve the internal conflict. The New Force has pledged to begin disarmament after October 15, 2004, the date of completion of political reforms agreed to in January 2003. But the issues that sparked the civil war, such as land reform and citizenship issues, remain unresolved.

On October 31 and November 28, 2010, the first presidential elections since 2000 were finally held in Côte d'Ivoire, which were postponed for almost a decade due to the civil war. A total of 14 candidates took part in the elections. None of the candidates managed to win an absolute majority of votes, and by law, the two candidates who received the most votes advanced to the second round.

The current President Laurent Gbagbo, who received just over 38% of the vote and enjoyed the support of the south of the country, and the leader of the opposition, former Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara, who enjoyed the support of the population of the northern part of the country and received about 33% of the vote, advanced to the second round.

On December 2, 2010, preliminary voting results were announced, according to which A. Ouattara received 54% of the votes. But the constitutional council immediately called these results invalid. On December 3, Laurent Gbagbo was declared the winner. Alassane Ouattara also declared himself victorious and also took the presidential oath. The USA, France, the UN, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and the European Union supported Ouattara. In response, Gbabgo ordered UN peacekeeping troops to leave the country. However, the UN Security Council extended the mandate of the peacekeeping mission in Côte d'Ivoire until June 30, 2011. The World Bank stopped lending to the country.

The situation of political crisis in the country was accompanied by unrest, borders were closed, and broadcasting of foreign satellite TV channels was stopped. The number of refugees to neighboring Liberia has increased (according to the UN, by mid-February 2010 their number was 50 thousand people, and by April 2011 it will exceed 100 thousand people). Against the backdrop of political instability, the epidemiological situation in the country has also worsened - outbreaks of yellow fever, malaria and an outbreak of cholera have been recorded in the municipality of Abidjan.

In 2011, the confrontation between the two leaders, Laurent Gbagbo and Alassane Ouattara, again resulted in a civil war.

The low-intensity conflict escalated sharply in late March - early April 2011. Fierce fighting began in the country with numerous casualties. Gbagbo's army began to use heavy weapons against its opponents.

The French military contingent, located in this former French colony under a UN mandate, intervened in the situation. Alassane Ouattara's Republican Army, with the support of French troops, took control of the central areas of Abidjan on the night of April 5, 2011 and also captured the presidential palace where Gbagbo was located. Laurent Gbagbo, along with his son and wife, was arrested by the French military and handed over to the opposition.

Following Gbagbo's arrest, Allassane Ouattara announced the creation of a commission that would investigate allegations of brutality against civilians.

Lyubov Prokopenko

Cote d'Ivoire. Ivory Coast. West Africa, Gulf of Guinea, Atlantic Ocean. The territory that the Ivorians themselves call the Land of Hope.

Once upon a time, a thousand years BC, the first inhabitants - pygmies - settled here. Europeans came here in the 15th century. At the end of the 19th century, Cote d'Ivoire became a colony of France, supplying it with cocoa beans, bananas and mahogany. In 1960 the country became independent. In the 2000s, Cote d'Ivoire was full of riots, coups, civil war and closed borders. Just ten years ago the country gained stability. And finally, tourists began to visit it again, for whom the Ivory Coast government is trying to create the most favorable conditions.

The country deserves a tourism boom, it has everything for this: a good climate, unique nature, exotic animals, the most interesting culture of local peoples (and there are more than 60 of them!), magnificent sandy beaches on the Gulf of Guinea, interesting sights, a lot of hotels of different levels and three international airport.

But for now, Cote d’Ivoire is located somewhat off the beaten tourist path, although there is a plus in this - the local population is not at all aggressive towards the white man, the people are simple, friendly, and do not beg, unlike residents of countries popular among tourists. And for collectors of African art, this is simply paradise.

What is interesting to see in Cote d'Ivoire?

A completely new, but already iconic object of Cote d’Ivoire. This Catholic cathedral was built in 1985 in Abidjan, the largest city in the country. It was consecrated by the Pope himself. A huge building, stylized as the figure of St. Paul with a cloak fluttering behind him.

It makes an impression even on people who have no imagination and do not recognize futurism, surrealism and other cubism. Inside there are colored stained glass windows on an African-evangelical theme. You can take pictures! Be sure to go upstairs to the cathedral platform, which offers views of the entire city and the Ebrier Lagoon.

An amazing, very unusual in appearance temple, also located in Abidjan. The building looks like a spiral road going up. Inside there are stained glass windows with scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary. The temple is operational and regular services are held here.

National Museum in Abidjan

The museum is a little confusing in terms of exhibitions, but very interesting. Musical instruments - flutes and tom-tom drums, figurines, panels. But the most important thing is a huge collection of famous eerie mystical masks depicting a human face.

45 km from Abidjan is the city of Grand Bassam, which is declared a cultural heritage of humanity by UNESCO. This is a ghost town. In the late 19th century, it was the capital of a French colony until a yellow fever epidemic broke out.

The surviving Europeans left the city, leaving behind houses, monuments and sculptures. A mirage of the past with colonial architecture. The once luxurious buildings now have a very shabby, dilapidated appearance.

But Grand Bassam has another side: it is a resort town, it is located on the coast, there are excellent sandy beaches and many decent hotels with good cuisine.

Notre-Dame de la Paix - Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace

Landmark of the capital of Cote d'Ivoire, Yamoussoukro, located 240 km from Abidjan: Notre-Dame de la Paix. Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace.

The largest cathedral in the world, included in the Guinness Book of Records, has an interesting backstory. Yamoussoukro, a town with a population of less than 200 thousand people, became the capital only because it was the birthplace of the country's first president, the late Felix Houphouet-Boigny, whom Ivorians greatly respect and call Papa Houphet. He immortalized his name by erecting the largest basilica in the world, and placing his image on the stained glass window of the church next to the face of Christ.

The huge dome of the cathedral is visible for tens of kilometers, all around is a bare savannah with hot red sand, clouding the sky during the harmattan wind blowing from the Sahara.

The temple is built of Italian marble with French stained glass windows. Hundreds of meters of stained glass! Stunning view, incredible. Bright light pouring through colored glass against the backdrop of the minimalist decoration of the Cathedral. Impressive.

Kong is an ancient city founded in the 11th century and once the capital of an entire empire. It was through Kong, which was then the center of caravan trade with the Berber and Tuareg tribes, that Islam spread throughout the northern part of the Ivory Coast. Now Kong is a remote place, but the mosque, built in the 16th century, is perfectly preserved. National treasure of Côte d'Ivoire.

The Tingrel Mosque is located in the town of the same name, built in 1655. The name of the mason who built it has been preserved - Massa. The mosque was reconstructed over 10 years and is now open to the public. A very unique architectural building.

UNESCO included the Thai National Park in the category of world heritage. This is real African exotica. 1300 species of plants and trees that grow only here! Tai is located in the south of the country, between the Sassandra and Kavalya rivers. The largest equatorial forest in West Africa, the last remnant of the Guinean forest, which once covered the territory of several countries. There are huge, simply gigantic trees, hundreds (!) of orchid species, flocks of chimpanzees, buffalos, leopards and pygmy hippos.

Neighborhoods of the city of Man

The city of Man is located in the center of Côte d'Ivoire. Its surroundings are famous all over the world. Unique nature, 5 km from the city - a bamboo forest, two mountains - the mascots of the city - Mont Tonqui and La Dent de Man ("The Human Tooth"), La Cascade waterfall. Mana hosts carnivals, holidays and a festival of those same masks - in February.

Korhogo is the central city of the Senufo people, who preserve pagan cults and rituals. The people are famous for their crafts - blacksmithing, pottery, leatherworking, and, of course, wood carving - Senufo wooden masks, belonging to the funeral cult, convey the spirit of Africa like nothing else.

Some Senufo ritual ceremonies (for example, the Dance of the Leopard People) are allowed for tourists.

Comoe National Park is located 570 km from Abidjan, in the northeast of the country. This is another area listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Located between the Buna and Comoe rivers. All types of African crocodiles live here, and hippos graze in the floodplains along the rivers. You can see monkeys, hyenas and indecently sized parrots. And many, many different migratory birds.

The name of this country alone beckons and fascinates. Try saying it several times: Cote D'Ivoire... Cote D'Ivoire... Cote D'Ivoire... You wanted to visit it, didn't you? Then it's time for you to go. Cote D'Ivoire is waiting.

P.S. Do not forget that English is not spoken here, the official language is French, and many residents in the outback do not know it either.

The name of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire was previously officially translated from French into other languages ​​as "Ivory Coast". But since 1986, the state government has decided not to translate the country’s name into other languages.

The state borders in the west with Liberia (border length 716 km) and Guinea (610 km), in the east - with Ghana (668 km), in the north - with Burkina Faso (584 km) and Mali (532 km). In the south the country is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Guinea. The total length of the border is 3,110 km, the length of the coastline is 515 km.

In the south of the country, the climate is hot and humid, there is not a single month without rain, the average temperature is about +28°C; in the north there is a drier climate, with a winter dry season when the hot desert wind blows - harmattan.

Story

The modern territory of Côte d'Ivoire was inhabited by pygmies at the beginning of the Stone Age. From the 1st millennium AD, other peoples began to penetrate from the west in several migration streams. The first settlers were the Senufo, who gradually began to become involved in agriculture. The settlement process, lasting for several centuries almost until the beginning of the colonial conquest, was largely associated with the slave trade in the coastal regions of the Gold Coast (modern Ghana), from which local residents fled.

Europeans (Portuguese, English, Danes and Dutch) landed on the coast of what is now Côte d'Ivoire in the late 15th century. Colonization began in 1637 with French missionaries. Economic development began in the 1840s: French colonists mined gold, harvested and exported tropical wood, plantations of coffee imported from Liberia were established.On March 10, 1893, the Ivory Coast was officially declared a colony of France, and from 1895 included in French West Africa (FWA).The local population offered active resistance to the colonialists (Agny uprisings in 1894-1895, Guro in 1912 -1913, etc.). It intensified during the First World War due to forced recruitment into the French army. During the interwar period, the colony became a major producer of coffee, cocoa beans and tropical timber. In 1934, Abidjan became its administrative center. The first batch of African population - the Democratic Party of the Ivory Coast (DP BC) - created in 1945 on the basis of unions of local farmers.It became the territorial section of the DOA (Democratic Rally of Africa) - the general political organization of the FZA, headed by the African planter Felix Houphouet-Boigny. Under the influence of the national liberation movement, France in 1957 granted the BSC the right to create a territorial legislative assembly (parliament). In 1957 BSK received the status of an autonomous republic. After the elections to the legislative assembly (April 1959), a government was formed headed by F. Houphouet-Boigny.

Independence was proclaimed on August 7, 1960. F. Houphouët-Boigny became the President of the Republic of Ivory Coast (IIC). In October 1985, the country received the name Republic of Cote d'Ivoire.

Attractions Cote d'Ivoire

Côte d'Ivoire's highlights include the National City Museum, which showcases arts and crafts traditions (including a huge collection of masks), and a wonderful gallery of paintings (the Chardy Gallery). Also in this city (Abidjan) there are other attractions: the Comoe National Park, the popular Gboni Coulibaly Museum in the town of Korhogo (it contains works of pottery, blacksmithing, woodworking and other crafts), bright and wonderful mountain landscapes in the area of ​​Man. One of the most majestic attractions is the Cathedral of the Holy Virgin of Peace (very similar to St. Peter's Cathedral in Italy).

In the town of Yamoussoukro there is a famous Mont Tonqui waterfall. Tai National Park (on the southwest side) with a huge number of exotic plants that have been included by the UN (United Nations) in the list of world attractions of the planet.

Rainforests. The country's nature is diverse and unique, but tropical forest areas are rapidly declining. The only remaining virgin forest is in the Tan and Marahuz National Parks, covering an area of ​​3,600 km 2 in the southwestern part of the country. Here you can still see trees 50 meters high, with massive trunks and huge supporting roots. Walking through the equatorial primary forest is a unique experience for active travelers: walking between tall trees intertwined with vines and crossing fast streams requires a lot of effort. The parks are in a very rainy and humid area, so the best time to visit is during the dry period from December to February.

Comoe National Park- the largest in West Africa. Here, next to the river of the same name, there is one of the most popular “animal trails”, where you can follow in the natural environment how large herds of animals go out to the river during the dry season in search of water. Nature lovers have an excellent opportunity to observe the habits of a wide variety of representatives of the local fauna.

The largest cathedral in the world - Notre-Dame de la Paix. The Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace was built in the likeness of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, but is larger in size. It’s a paradox, but the golden domes and lavishly lined building with Italian marble are located on vast African lands in a city where there are more Muslims than Christians.

The first stone of the largest Cathedral in the world was solemnly laid on August 10, 1985. Construction work lasted four years. The president allocated $300 million from the state treasury for the construction of the temple, doubling the national debt. The building is designed in the image of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Architect Pierre Facourt increased the height of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace to 160 meters. The Catholic Cathedral in the Vatican has a height of 138 meters. The largest temple in the world can accommodate 18 thousand people. The capacity of St. Peter's Cathedral is about 6 thousand people.

In the fall of 1990, Pope Ivan Paul II consecrated the Basilica of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Peace.

Cuisine of Ivory Coast

The cuisine of Côte d'Ivoire was formed over several centuries. Its long period as a colony under French rule also left its mark on the traditions of the country's local cuisine. However, this only added a certain sophistication to the dishes.

Typical products include: meat, fish, vegetables, herbs and spices, various sauces. The favorite drink is palm wine "bangi".

Local chefs prepare unsurpassed dishes from fresh fish and meat, garnished with vegetables and various sauces.

The following dishes are worth trying: atyeke - cassava couscous; fufu - a special flatbread made from banana or yam; kedzhena.

A separate theme of the traditional cuisine of Côte d'Ivoire is various sauces. The fact is that they are considered the main “highlight” of West African cuisine. It is simply impossible to convey their taste in words. The most famous sauce is "Grenen", made from palm grains.