Where is Kabardino-Balkaria located? Regions of Russia. Kabardino-Balkarian Republic of the Russian Federation and Kabardino-Balkarian

Kabardino-Balkarian Republic- - a republic within the Russian Federation, a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the North Caucasus Federal District. Located on the northern slopes and foothills of the central part of the Greater Caucasus. In the south it borders with Georgia... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers

Russian Federation Federal districts: Far Eastern Volga North Western North ... Accounting Encyclopedia

KABARDINO-BALKARIAN REPUBLIC- a republic within the Russian Federation. Constitution of the K.B.R. adopted by the parliament of K. B. R. September 1, 1997 According to the Constitution of the K.B.R. sovereign democratic rule of law state. State languages ​​K. B.R. are Kabardian, Balkar and Russian languages... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Constitutional Law

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Kabardino-Balkarian Republic- Kabard foreign Balk Arsk Republic... Russian spelling dictionary

Kabardino-Balkarian Republic hosting the Olympic torch relay- The Kabardino Balkar Republic (KBR) was formed in 1921 as the Kabardian (since 1922 Kabardino Balkar) autonomous region, in 1936-1991 an autonomous republic, since 1992 the Kabardino Balkar Republic. Located mainly… Encyclopedia of Newsmakers

Kabardino Balkaria. As part of the RSFSR. On January 16, 1922, the Kabardino Balkar Autonomous Okrug was formed; transformed into the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on December 5, 1936. Area 12.5 thousand km2. Population 614 thousand people (1972 estimate). In K.B. there are 8 districts, 7 cities, 7 villages... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Keberdey Balkar ASSR Kabarty Malkar ASSR Flag ... Wikipedia

Kabardino Balkar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic K'eberdei Balk'er ASSR K'abarty Mal'k'ar ASSR Flag ... Wikipedia

Kabardino Balkaria, part of the RSFSR. Located in the center. part of the Greater Caucasus, occupies its northern part. slopes and adjacent steppe plains. Created 1 Sep. 1921 Kabardian Autonomous Okrug, January 16. 1922 transformed into Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Okrug. 5 Dec. 1936... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

Books

• I pray in the Adyghe language..., Lyuba Balagova. The cross-cutting theme in Lyuba Balagova’s work is her dear homeland, her native Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. And the homeland is both the air that you first breathed into your chest as a baby, and...

Nalchik(Kabard-Cherk. Nalshik, Karach.-Balk. Nalchik) - a city in the south of Russia, the capital of Kabardino-Balkaria. It is part of the city district of the same name.

The well-established point of view is that the name of the city is based on the word cash- “horseshoe”, present in both the Kabardino-Circassian and Karachay-Balkar languages ​​and, according to some sources, borrowed from the Persian language. The horseshoe is the emblem of the city. Problems arise with the explanation of the element -chick. This could be a transformation of Kabardian Shchych- “tearing off” (horseshoe soil), Turkic diminutive formant (“small horseshoe”) or, possibly, a term meaning “water” (which is logical to assume for the name of the Nalchik river, which is historically primary in relation to the name of the city).

On March 25, 2010, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev, Nalchik was awarded the honorary title of the Russian Federation “City of Military Glory”.

Geography

View of the main part of the city from above

Geographical position

The mountains in Nalchik are very beautiful - covered with forests, they are green, curly, and in the fall they turn crimson, like fire.

Ivan Vasilenko

The city is located in the central part of the republic, on both banks of the Nalchik river of the same name. (Terek basin), at latitude 43°29" and longitude 43°37".

The area of ​​the urban district is 131 km2, of which 67 km2 falls directly on the lands of the city of Nalchik.

The city is located in the foothills zone of the republic. It is surrounded from the south and west by one of the ridges of the Wooded Range. The ridge has a steep, almost vertical slope in the south and a flatter northern part, and in the shape of a horseshoe surrounds the city of Nalchik on three sides. The outlines of the hills of the Lesysty Ridge are mostly soft and smooth. In the north, the Lesistoy ridge is adjacent to the southwestern tip of the Kabardian foothill plain with a sloping undulating topography. The average altitude on the city's lands is 512 meters above sea level. The highest point of the city is Mount Bolshaya Kizilovka (849 m), which drops to a minimum of 420 meters in the north of the city.

Hydrology

The river Nalchik of the same name flows through the lands of the city, as well as the rivers Shalushka (in the north-west of the city) and Sukhaya Shalushka (in the west of the city). Along the valley of the Nalchik River on the lands of the city park there are 4 lakes, the largest of which are the First Lake and the Fourth (Resort) Lake. To the south of the city there are several dammed lakes that are used to regulate the flow of the Nalchik River. Also on the city’s lands there are 18 mineral springs of various physical and chemical compositions. In general, the city's lands are highly supplied with water. Groundwater mainly lies at a depth of 3-5 meters.

Ecology

The ecological state of the resort city of Nalchik is generally stable. The only major polluting enterprise on the city's lands is JSC Gidrometallurg, which produces tungsten anhydride and molybdenum concentrate. For several years now, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Republic has been demanding that the plant’s activities be suspended, but the trial continues.

Climate

The climate of the city is that of the foothills. The relative proximity of the Main Caucasian Range has a noticeable impact on the climate in the district's lands. Protection from the direct invasion of cold air plays a significant role in the development of climate. A characteristic feature is daily fluctuations in air temperature, especially observed mainly in the summer. These features are associated with local mountains and valley winds (mountain breezes). Average air temperatures range from +25°...+28° in July, to −3°...-5°C in January. The average annual air temperature is 8.6°C. The highest air temperatures are observed at the end of July, and the lowest - at the end of January or early February. The average annual precipitation is about 600 mm. The relative humidity value is unstable. The average annual humidity is 78%, reaching a maximum of 85-86% in winter, and a minimum of 68-69% in summer. The predominant wind directions throughout the year are southwest, east and northeast.

Nalchik is located in a time zone designated by international standard as the Moscow Time Zone (MSK). The offset from UTC is +3:00.

Story

Monument "Forever with Russia".

The Nalchik fortress was founded by General Ermolov in 1818 (or in 1822; also, according to some sources, the first information about the settlement dates back to 1724). The military settlement at the fortress was founded in 1838, transformed into a settlement in 1863, then 3.5 thousand people lived in the settlement. Nalchik received city status in September 1921.

During the Great Patriotic War, Nalchik was occupied by Nazi troops from October 28, 1942 to January 3, 1943 (see Nalchik-Ordzhonikidze operation (1942)), the city was significantly destroyed. The Eternal Flame burns in the city park in memory of those killed during the Great Patriotic War; in addition, evidence of the bloody battles of those years can be seen in other places in the city - a T-34 tank was installed as a monument at the viaduct next to the elevator; at the local history museum there is a cannon installed in the same capacity; On the territory of secondary school No. 9, which served as a hospital during the war, there are the graves of two soldiers. The liberation of Nalchik was carried out by troops of the 37th Army of the Northern Group of Forces of the Transcaucasian Front together with the partisans of Kabardino-Balkaria.

Immediately after the liberation of the city from occupation, its restoration began. Soon the flour mill and meat processing plant began producing products. Already on March 15, telephone communications were established with 13 regional centers, restored bridges and roads made it possible to open railway traffic on the Nalchik-Prokhladny section. In June 1943, the Kabardian Drama Theater resumed work, a philharmonic society was opened, schools and medical institutions began to operate.

The restoration of peaceful life was overshadowed by tragic events in the history of the Balkar people. On March 8, 1944, his forced deportation began. In 14 echelons, special settlers were sent from the Nalchik railway station into indefinite exile in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

The city has a regular network of streets, built up mainly with multi-storey residential and administrative buildings from the 1950s to 1970s. In the 1960-1970s, Nalchik was landscaped according to a new general plan approved in 1966, corresponding to the status of a resort city. A distinctive feature of urban development was that between the main streets with multi-storey buildings there were entire blocks of private houses, many of which were built before the revolution. They are hidden, as it were, so as not to create an imbalance in the splendor of the main streets.

On July 13, 1968, mass riots occurred in the city. The reason for the unrest was rumors spreading in the Central Market that a person detained for violating public order had been killed at a police stronghold in the market. The assembled crowd burst into the premises of the point and freed the detainee. However, rumors about “killings” in the stronghold continued to spread. During the day, the crowd stormed the office of a local policeman several times, who was eventually killed. Calls for calm from representatives of the city and republican authorities who spoke to the crowd, as well as the efforts of the city garrison to restore order, were to no avail. The riots stopped only in the evening. As a result, about 30 people were brought to criminal responsibility, including three sentenced to death.

Coat of arms of Nalchik in 1983-1999.

By the mid-1980s, some phenomena and trends emerged in the life of the city that determined its further history. Along with external amenities and well-being, there were a number of problems in the everyday life of the townspeople. Thus, bus service within the city was irregular, the bus fleet was worn out, most of the city’s roads, especially on the outskirts, were not paved or were constantly dug up due to repairs of communications that took months. Telephone coverage in the city was extremely low, especially in the private sector of development. The central market has always been considered a rather dirty place - garbage, poorly equipped shopping arcades.

With the beginning of the 1990s, marked by the collapse of the Soviet Union, perhaps the most difficult times began for the city of Nalchik, and for Kabardino-Balkaria as a whole. People will call the 15-year period in the history of the republic the era of V. M. Kokov, the first president of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. During the August 1991 Putsch, a crowd gathered in front of the House of Soviets demanded the removal of the Lenin monument. It was dismantled. Nalchik becomes the capital of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. All government institutions of an independent subject of the Federation are located in the city.

From September 24 to October 4, 1992, a rally was held in Nalchik, which began with demands for the release from custody of the president of the Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus (KGNK) Yu. Shanibov and ended with calls for the resignation of the republic’s leadership. The Republic was on the brink of war. It all started with the detention of the President of the Confederation of Peoples of the Caucasus, Yuri Shanibov, by representatives of the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation. (the detention was related to his decree on the KGNK, ordering all military formations of the Confederation to fight their way into Abkhazia, overcoming any resistance with battles - in the context of the outbreak of the Georgian-Abkhaz war, in which the KGNK took the side of Abkhazia). The leadership of the republic, regarding the events in Nalchik as an attempt to seize power, was forced to make concessions, such as assistance in the release of Shanibov, early parliamentary elections, a complete renewal of the composition of the Electoral Commission, etc.

In 1993, Nalchik was a rather sad sight. Just as throughout Russia, the collapse of the USSR and the breakdown of production ties led to the fact that most of the city’s enterprises were closed, workers were fired and left to their own devices in search of a means of subsistence. Unemployment began to increase every year. At operating enterprises, wage arrears reached several years. A rapid outflow of the working population, mainly qualified personnel, began. The city's economy and transport fell into disrepair, roads were destroyed, houses were dilapidated. City markets began to grow spontaneously - dirty, unequipped, where you could buy anything you wanted. By 1995, the situation worsened even more, when, at the invitation of President V.M. Kokov, refugees from Chechnya were housed in sanatoriums and rest homes. The entire resort area and city park fell into disrepair and almost completely fell out of sight of the city authorities.

At the same time, despite the decline in the standard of living in the republic, the huge increase in unemployment and wage arrears, political stability was maintained in the republic.

Lake Track in the city park

The year 1997 was a turning point for Nalchik in many ways. The city authorities are making their first attempts to improve the city. The reorganized Gorzelenkhoz trust is actively decorating and landscaping the city and city park, restoring and skillfully hiding the losses of recent years. These efforts have borne some fruit. Real achievements in cleaning and landscaping the city, putting the streets in order, improving the park area, as well as, to some extent, the inaction of industrial enterprises (and as a result - no environmental pollution) allowed the city of Nalchik in 1997, and then in 1998, to take 3rd and 1st places, respectively, in the All-Russian competition for the title “The most comfortable city in Russia” among cities of the 1st category. From this moment on, the city receives quite significant funds for improvement. By 1999, Nalchik took on a rather civilized appearance, again began to be surrounded by lush vegetation, the city park could again boast of cleanliness and beauty. Little by little, the city streets, mainly the central ones, are beginning to be put in order. By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 31, 1999 No. 1203, the city of Nalchik was approved as a resort of federal significance.

In October 2005, peaceful construction was marred by a terrorist attack - the city was attacked by Islamist militants (see Attack on Nalchik October 13, 2005). Another attack on the city, much smaller in scale, was launched in February 2011 (see attack on Nalchik on February 25, 2011).

City districts

The city's territory is divided into 9 districts, which are not administrative units, having the following unofficial names.

Capital functions

All legislative, executive and judicial authorities of the republic are located in Nalchik.

Tourism

The city is a balneological and mountain climatic resort. About a quarter of the city is designated as a resort. In the resort part of the city and near it there are about 40 sanatoriums, holiday homes, tourist centers, and boarding houses. Balneological treatment procedures provided by sanatoriums can include baths both inside the sanatorium and in the city mud baths. The city has two amusement parks (in the resort area and in the Molodezhny microdistrict), four artificial lakes (filled during the swimming season from the Nalchik River), two cable cars (one of them has not functioned since 1993), mineral springs, huge park (one of the largest in Europe), turning into a forest, “terrenkur”, zoo, hippodrome. The picturesque mountains around are conducive to tourism, in particular, hiking and mountaineering. On Mount Malaya Kizilovka, opposite the resort part of the city, there is the Sosruko restaurant complex and observation platforms with an overview of the city, its near and far surroundings and mountain ranges.

Sanatorium and resort institutions in the city:

• Hydrotherapy
• Children's sanatorium "Zvezdochka"
• Children's sanatorium "Ogonyok"
• Children's sanatorium "Orlyonok"
• Children's social rehabilitation center "Raduga"
• Boarding house "Dolinsk"
• Boarding house "Pear Grove"
• Sanatorium "Blue Spruce"
• Sanatorium "Mountain Spring"
• Sanatorium "Valley of Narzans"
• Sanatorium "Druzhba"
• Sanatorium named after Betal Kalmykov
• Sanatorium named after Sergei Kirov
• Sanatorium "Komsomolets"
• Sanatorium "Lebed"
• Sanatorium "Leningrad"
• Sanatorium "Mayak"
• Sanatorium "Moscow"
• Sanatorium "Narzan"
• Sanatorium "Olympus"
• Sanatorium "Terek"
• Sanatorium "Chaika"
• Sanatorium "Elbrus"

NORTH CAUCASUS Federal District. Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.. Area 12.5 thousand sq. km. Formed on September 1, 1921.
Administrative center of the federal district - city ​​of Nalchik.

- a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the North Caucasus Federal District, located in the mountains of the North Caucasus and on the adjacent plain. The highest mountain of the Caucasus and the highest point of Russia - Elbrus (5642 m) are located on the territory of the republic. Main rivers: Terek, Malka, Baksan.

Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is part of the North Caucasus economic region. The basis of the republic's economy is agriculture (cereals (wheat, corn, millet), industrial crops (sunflower, hemp), livestock (dairy and meat), as well as logging). In agriculture, the production of grain, fruits and vegetables, livestock and poultry for slaughter, milk, and eggs is developed. Heavy industry took its place in the industrial complex, and instrument making, mechanical engineering and non-ferrous metallurgy developed. The electric power industry is represented by the Baksan hydroelectric station.
The Republic is one of the centers of tourism, skiing and health resort recreation.

On September 1, 1921, the Kabardian Autonomous Region was formed.
In 1922, the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Region was formed, in 1936 it was transformed into the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
In 1944, the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was renamed the Kabardian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
In 1957, the name of the republic was returned - Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
Since 1992, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is part of the Russian Federation.

Cities and regions of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

Cities of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic: Baksan, Maisky, Nartkala, Prokhladny, Terek, Tyrnyauz, Chegem.

Urban districts of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic:"City of Nalchik"; "Baksan City"; "Cool City"

Municipal areas: Baksansky district, Zolsky district, Leskensky district, Maysky district, Prokhladnensky district, Tersky district, Urvansky district, Chegemsky district, Chereksky district, Elbrus district.

They attract travelers with their beauty and mystery, and the subject itself is increasingly attracting the attention of investors.

Historical excursion

The peoples who lived on the modern territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic were known in ancient times. Historians who lived before our era wrote about them. However, the ethnic composition was more or less finally formed only in the Middle Ages, and in the 19th century this land became part of Russia. It has been within its current borders since 1921 and is called the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.

The capital Nalchik began its development with a small fortress built in 1818. The first information about a settlement in this area dates back to the 18th century, and in 1921 it received the status of a city and at the same time the capital of the republic. During the war it was seriously damaged, but immediately after liberation the restoration of buildings and normal life began. However, the troubles of the local peoples did not end there. In 1944, the forced deportation of Balkars to Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan began with the aim of transferring part of the land for the military needs of Georgia.

In general, this city developed like any other: new enterprises were created, strong economic ties were gradually formed. And after the collapse of the USSR, it all had to be rebuilt. Despite the relative proximity to the so-called “hot spots”, the entire Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the capital and largest cities remain quite safe in terms of terrorist threats. The most significant episodes remain the incidents that occurred in 2005 and 2011.

Modernity

Today the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, whose capital and largest city is still Nalchik, is an important subject of the Russian Federation in terms of recreational, environmental, and forest resources. This is an important agricultural center, which has recently been actively developing infrastructure and services. In addition, the region has an amazing, unique culture and retains the languages ​​of the titular nations, in addition to Russian, as state languages.

On its territory, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic contains the highest peak in Russia - Elbrus. As a rule, this mountain, due to its erosion, is also included in the famous list of the “Seven Summits”, sometimes replacing it with Mont Blanc. In addition, there are 6 more so-called “five-thousand-meter peaks” located here, attracting a huge number of climbers.

In recent years, the capital of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (Nalchik) has been experiencing a gradual but constant outflow of population, as well as the subject as a whole. Now about 850 thousand people live in this region, about half of them are Kabardians.

Attractions

Since the active development of the city began relatively recently, very old buildings and examples of architecture cannot be found here. But this does not mean that the capital of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is completely uninteresting, and there is nothing at all to see in the entire region. The most popular place among tourists in Nalchik is the park. Here is the building of the famous Sosruko restaurant, built in the shape of the head of the hero of a legend popular among local residents. There is also evidence in the city that people lived here long before our era - a burial ground, of which there are many in the North Caucasus.

If we talk about what is interesting about the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic as a whole, then the first thing that comes to mind is, of course, the mountains. Almost all attractions are associated with the landscape: high peaks, picturesque gorges, lakes, waterfalls, parks. Perhaps, indeed, the most interesting thing for tourists here will be nature.

Firstly, Elbrus and the adjacent territories, which are protected areas, cannot be ignored. In the same area there is an extremely popular place where hundreds and thousands of tourists come every year.

Another destination that attracts travelers to the CBD is the Cherek Gorge. Before entering it there are the famous Blue Lakes, as well as the no less popular Lost Lake, which is now a funnel with almost vertical walls, at the bottom of which you can find a reservoir. In the gorge itself, tourists are sure to visit. In addition, in the gorge itself there are a large number of ancient buildings, ruins of villages, fortresses, etc. In general, you will not be bored.

Culture

Of course, one cannot ignore the intangible heritage that the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is rich in. The capital, of course, is not the place where you can see people in national costumes and on horses on the streets, but in some places you can see this. Despite the fact that much was lost in Soviet times, customs and rituals that have formed the life of local peoples for hundreds of years are now being restored and spread anew. Many of them are inextricably linked with agriculture and the life cycle, as well as family holidays. Vocal art and folk crafts are being revived, and festivals are held regularly.

Economy

Traditionally, local economy is based on agriculture. There are also large industrial enterprises here, but, like almost everywhere else in Russia, they have been in a state of stagnation in recent decades. The service sector is in the process of formation. Perhaps we can now talk about any serious development only in the energy industry.

In recent years, as part of a program to develop infrastructure and support small businesses on the basis of Kabardino-Balkaria, the creation of special business incubators has begun. One of them is located in the capital, the other in the second most populous city, Prokhladny. The third is located in the Baksan region.

Investment climate

The already mentioned business incubators assist budding entrepreneurs, including in the provision of suitable production premises. Real estate in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR) has sufficient potential for the development of the business environment. But the country does not stop there.

Not so long ago, a native of the Kabardino-Balkaria, Yuri Kokov, who was elected head of the Kabardino-Balkaria, builds his policy for the development of the region quite evenly, affecting all major sectors. He is engaged in the development of infrastructure, the social sphere and, of course, industry and the service sector.

Not long ago, a special program called “Investment Passport of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic” was launched, which is multi-tasking in nature. In accordance with this plan, potential sources of capital can receive a variety of up-to-date information about the economic state of the subject, possible areas of interest, and the business environment as a whole.

Problems

The main difficulty of the CBD, like many other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, is the difficulty in attracting investment. This is compounded by the problem of population outflow, which has become relevant in the last few years. Heavy dependence on the federal budget and proximity to points of regular conflicts also do not make life easier. All together, this forms a whole complex of interrelated problems not only in Kabardino-Balkaria, but also in the entire North Caucasus as a whole. However, this region has enormous potential.

Development prospects

In general, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the capital, large settlements and the southwestern part with the Elbrus region are potentially quite interesting for investors. The entire region has a great chance of soon becoming an extremely popular ski resort and an excellent place for environmental, gastronomic, health, cultural and many other types of tourism.

This, however, does not put an end to other sectors of the economy. Smart investments and federal subsidies can help an entity literally “bloom.” And poor management can negate all local advantages.

The region where Kabardino-Balkaria is located is characterized by a varied climate, changing not only from west to east, but also due to changes in altitude. The vertical type of zonation is explained by the fact that the entire territory of the republic is located on the slope of the Caucasus.

Where is Kabardino-Balkaria located?

Located on the northern macroslope of the Greater Republic, it belongs to the North Caucasus Federal District and borders the Karachevo-Cherkess Republic, Stavropol Territory, North Ossetia and Georgia.

The modern borders of the republic were formed in accordance with the policy of national demarcation carried out in the early years of Soviet power. It is worth noting that the region where Kabardino-Balkaria is located is not very stable in national terms. This can be confirmed by the numerous national conflicts of the post-Soviet era.

In 1921, the Kabardian autonomy was formed, a year later it was transformed into the Kabardino-Balkarian autonomy, and in 1936 it became the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous SSR.

The history of the republic during the years of the USSR was not smooth, since the national issue was resolved by the authorities depending on the situation and in accordance with the ideas of the country's top leadership.

History of Kabardino-Balkaria

There is a consensus among historians that the Kabardian subethnic group of the Adyghe people was artificially separated by the Soviet authorities into a separate people based on political considerations.

The USSR authorities were faced with the task of making national separatism on the outskirts the least numerous and as less aggressive as possible. For this purpose, the boundaries of national autonomies were drawn with the expectation that small national entities would not be able to resist the central government.

However, scientists believe that until the beginning of the twentieth century, Kabardins were just part of the Adyghe ethnic group, whose representatives lived on the eastern edge of the Adyghe habitat. It is worth noting: it is reliably known that modern Kabardians have been living in this territory since at least the 15th century, however, some information from historical and literary sources indicates that the ancestors of the people lived in the territory of Kabardino-Balkaria already in the 110th century.

Balkars and the national question

Most scientists agree that the Balkars are the indigenous people of the Caucasus, since it is reliably known that the tribes on the basis of which this ethnic group was formed lived in the territory of what is now Kabardino-Balkaria since the 15th century AD.

However, some researchers are inclined to go even further in determining the duration of residence of the Balkars in the Caucasus, tracing their family back to the Koban archaeological culture.

However, modern Balkars are a Turkic-speaking people, the main ethnic element of which are the Turkic-speaking Bulgarians, who roamed the lands where the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria is located in the 5th century AD.

The Mongol campaigns became a serious test for the Balkars, as a result of which Alania was defeated, and the Balkars were forced to rise from the plains to the mountains.

Post-war years of the 20th century

The region where Kabardino-Balkaria is located found itself in the zone of occupation by German troops during the Second World War. Most of the republic, including Nalchik, was under Nazi rule for almost two years.

After the liberation of the Caucasus by the Soviet authorities, mass repressions began in the region, to which not only large social groups, but also entire nations were subjected.

Chechens, Ingush, Crimean Tatars, Meskhetian Turks, Azerbaijanis, Armenians and Balkars were evicted to remote areas of the Soviet Union. The national autonomies of many deported peoples were liquidated, and the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic was transformed into the Kabardian Republic.

Modern republic

To answer the question “Kabardino-Balkaria - where is it?”, just look at the map of southern Russia. The republic is located in the central part of the North Caucasus, and its highest point is Mount Elbrus, which not only serves as a recognizable symbol of the republic, but also attracts numerous tourists who prefer active recreation.

Organized group ascents to Elbrus and alpine skiing are very popular among travelers, for which there are special trails on the mountain slopes.

In addition to tourism, agriculture is developed in the republic: both grain crops and industrial crops are grown. Wheat, corn and sunflower are grown in large quantities. Meat and dairy farming, including sheep breeding, is also developed.

More than two hundred industrial enterprises operate in the region where the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is located. Photos of beautiful landscapes, found in large quantities on the Internet, are side by side with photographs of such large enterprises as the Baksan hydroelectric power station and Terekalmaz, which produces artificial diamonds.

In addition, the republic has developed the production of building materials, such as high-quality bricks, cement and metal products, as well as asphalt for road construction.